Diagnostic methods employing kidney biomarkers clinching biosensors as promising tools

Recent Progress in Molecular Probes for Imaging of Acute Kidney Injury

“…A significant increase in NIR emission and absorption was seen upon the reaction of FDOCl-22 and HOCl (Figure 4B); hence, drug-induced AKI was linked to the HOCl level. Additionally, it was determined that the use of NIRF and PA imaging made the initial stages of drug-induced kidney failure screening possible by gathering data from in vivo imaging of AKI mice (Figure 4C), fluorescent images of the kidney of a series of mice intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin of varying concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for different time periods (12,24,48, and 72 h) and then intravenously injected with FDOCl-22 (200 μL × 0.5 mM) (left), and average fluorescence intensity output of the groups (right) (Figure 4D), comparing results of biosensor detection with available detection kits (Figure 4E), and in vivo PA imaging of cisplatin-induced AKI mice (Figure 4F). 46 By utilizing the receptor-mediated binding and retention effect in conjunction with enzyme-triggered fluorescence activation, Weng et al developed a multichannel activatable NIRF probe (1-DPA2) for the in situ detection of AKI (Figure 5A).…”

“…Measuring such biomarkers early on may also offer a way to quickly predict an AKI occurrence, 11 given that certain biomarkers, such as stress biomarkers, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), have been demonstrated to be released directly in response to kidney injury. 12,13…”

“…Furthermore, biomarkers can improve the detection of AKI in several clinical scenarios, such as acute interstitial nephritis, acute tubular damage, hepatorenal syndrome, and cardiorenal syndrome. , In the future, the utilization of a novel biomarker directly indicative of kidney injury could further improve the predictive capability. Measuring such biomarkers early on may also offer a way to quickly predict an AKI occurrence, given that certain biomarkers, such as stress biomarkers, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), have been demonstrated to be released directly in response to kidney injury. , …”