Diagnostic Methods of Common Intestinal Protozoa: Current and Future Immunological and Molecular Methods

Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Candradikusuma, Didi; Setia, Yulia Dwi; Wibawa, Purwa Adrianta; Iskandar, Agustin; Winaris, Nuning; Pawestri, Aulia Rahmi

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7100253

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Serum-based tests: The enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination assay are commonly used in conjunction with clinico-radiological to diagnose ALA[ 59 - 61 ]. Anti-amebic antibodies can be detected in about 95% of cases of ALA.…”

Section: Diagnostic Issues and Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amebic liver abscess: An update

Kumar,

Patel,

Priyadarshi

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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Amebic liver abscess (ALA) is still a common problem in the tropical world, where it affects over three-quarters of patients with liver abscess. It is caused by an anaerobic protozoan Entamoeba hystolytica , which primarily colonises the cecum. It is a non-suppurative infection of the liver consisting primarily of dead hepatocytes and cellular debris. People of the male gender, during their reproductive years, are most prone to ALA, and this appears to be due to a poorly mounted immune response linked to serum testosterone levels. ALA is more common in the right lobe of the liver, is strongly associated with alcohol consumption, and can heal without the need for drainage. While majority of ALA patients have an uncomplicated course, a number of complications have been described, including rupture into abdomino-thoracic structures, biliary fistula, vascular thrombosis, bilio-vascular compression, and secondary bacterial infection. Based on clinico-radiological findings, a classification system for ALA has emerged recently, which can assist clinicians in making treatment decisions. Recent research has revealed the role of venous thrombosis-related ischemia in the severity of ALA. Recent years have seen the development and refinement of newer molecular diagnostic techniques that can greatly aid in overcoming the diagnostic challenge in endemic area where serology-based tests have limited accuracy. Metronidazole has been the drug of choice for ALA patients for many years. However, concerns over the resistance and adverse effects necessitate the creation of new, safe, and potent antiamebic medications. Although the indication of the drainage of uncomplicated ALA has become more clear, high-quality randomised trials are still necessary for robust conclusions. Percutaneous drainage appears to be a viable option for patients with ruptured ALA and diffuse peritonitis, for whom surgery represents a significant risk of mortality.With regard to all of the aforementioned issues, this article intends to present an updated review of ALA.

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Section: Diagnostic Issues and Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amebic liver abscess: An update

Kumar,

Patel,

Priyadarshi

et al. 2024

World J Hepatol

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“…Previously, simple-yet-sensitive PCR assays such as RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA), PCR-RFLP, AFLP (amplification fragment length polymorphism), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were used to analyze parasite genetic variation and identify the genus, species, or strain level. Furthermore, in earlier research, nested PCR, in which the amplicons from the first PCR reaction are employed as a template for the second PCR reaction, was used to identify several intestinal protozoa acquired from stool samples (Fitri et al 2022).…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the most recent studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites among Saudi society, with an emphasis on expatriate workers

Abbas,

Bakhraibah,

Al-Judaibi

2024

MBJ

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Parasite infection is a frequent ailment in many places across the world, particularly in developing nations. Intestinal parasites, which can be worms, infect the gastrointestinal tract and cause diseases, which spread through contaminated food or drink via the fecal-oral route. Parasitic infection is either symptomatic or asymptomatic in some infected patients. The economic boom led to a large influx of expatriate workers infected with intestinal parasites from endemic regions, particularly Asia and Africa. Therefore, their presence is a source of infection for the local population. This research presents what is known about previous studies related to intestinal parasites, different methods of diagnosis, types of intestinal parasites that were discovered among Saudis and expatriates in various regions of Saudi Arabia, and methods of treatment and prevention.

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“…The most popular immunodiagnostic examination used is the ELISA method because it is considered to provide faster results and a higher level of sensitivity and specificity. 14 The principle of this ELISA examination assesses the reaction of antigens and antibodies with enzyme labels which are then added to the substrate which later when hydrolyzed produces a colored precipitate that can be detected by reading devices on ELISA. 16 This research is conducted in Pasie Nan Tigo Village, Koto Tangah Sub-district, Padang City.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptosporidiosis Detection Using Immunoglobulin a Serum with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method

Naila,

Irawati,

Meinapuri

2024

Int J Res Rev

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Background: Cryptosporidiosis is still one of the most common intestinal protozoan infections found in developing countries, affecting children and adults. Cryptosporidium sp. infection activates the immune response by secreting high levels of specific Cryptosporidium IgA antibodies during the infection process. IgA can be examined by ELISA to establish a diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the results of Cryptosporidiosis detection with serum IgA ELISA. This study was a quantitative descriptive study with 39 samples collected from children to adults using consecutive sampling technique. Data obtained from the study results were processed by univariate analysis and presented in tabular form to see the frequency distribution. Result: The results of the study involving 39 respondents revealed that the most prevalent age groups were 6-11 years old and 36-45 years old, with the majority being female. Among the 39 samples examined using the ELISA method, the Optical Density ranged from 0.059 to 1.393. One sample (2.56%) tested positive for IgA Cryptosporidium sp., specifically from age 55 years (16.6%) and male participants (20%). Conclusion: The study concluded that the Optical Density value of the positive ELISA examination was 1.393 with one sample found positive for Cryptosporidiosis from a 55 years old male. Keywords: [Cryptosporidium sp., IgA, ELISA]

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Diagnostic Methods of Common Intestinal Protozoa: Current and Future Immunological and Molecular Methods

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

Amebic liver abscess: An update

Amebic liver abscess: An update

An overview of the most recent studies on the prevalence of intestinal parasites among Saudi society, with an emphasis on expatriate workers

Cryptosporidiosis Detection Using Immunoglobulin a Serum with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method

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