Diagnostic of the self-healing of metallized polypropylene film by modeling of the broadening emission lines of aluminum emitted by plasma discharge

Tortai, J.H.; Bonifaci, Nelly; Denat, А.; Trassy, C.

doi:10.1063/1.1858872

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Polymer capacitors, because of their high breakdown strength and graceful failure mode, are very attractive for these applications [4][5][6]. Recently, we reported that in defects modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based polymers such as P(VDF-CTFE) (CTFE: chlorotrifluoroethylene) and P(VDF-HFP) (HFP: hexafluoropropylene), in which the dielectric constant can be tailored to avoid the "early" electric displacement saturation, a very high electrical energy density can be obtained [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Energy Density and Discharge Characteristics of a Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)Copolymer

Zhou

Chu

Neese

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

222

117

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The high electric displacement (D>0.1 C/m 2 ) and breakdown field (>600 MV/m) in polyvinylidene fluoride based polymers suggest high electrical energy density in this class of polymers. By defect modifications which reduce or eliminate the remnant polarization in the polymer, a high electrical energy density can indeed be obtained. This paper shows that in properly prepared P(VDF-CTFE) copolymer film capacitors, an electrical energy density ~ 25 J/cm 3 can be obtained with a breakdown field higher than 600 MV/m. The dielectric and discharge behavior of the polymer films were investigated. The results reveal that there are strong frequency dispersions in both the dielectric and discharge behavior. The dielectric constant decreases with frequency and the discharged energy density is also reduced at shorted discharge time (~ 1 μs) due to increased ESR for fast discharge. The results indicate the potential of this class of polymers for high energy density capacitors and suggest the need for further tuning of the polymer compositions to reduce the frequency dispersion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Energy Density and Discharge Characteristics of a Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)Copolymer

Zhou

Chu

Neese

et al. 2007

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

222

117

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“…The electrode materials locally evaporate, or self-clear, around defects during highvoltage breakdown. [7][8][9] Metallic films are not sufficiently compliant for the dielectric elastomers. To enhance the compliancy of metallic electrodes, zig-zag shaped metallic lines were used to obtain 80 % area strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fault‐Tolerant Dielectric Elastomer Actuators using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

et al. 2008

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Certain dielectric elastomers such as the 3M VHB 4910 acrylic adhesive films have exhibited electrically induced strains as high as 380 % in area expansion. The calculated maximum specific energy density of 3.4 J g -1 and maximum stress of 8 MPa are attractive for a wide range of applications including robotics, prosthetic devices, medical implants, pumps, and valves. [1][2][3][4][5][6] However, the performance of actuators based on the VHB films is substantially lower than the calculated values which reflect the maximum intrinsic material properties. Defects in the soft dielectric films, such as gel particles, uneven thickness, non-uniform crosslinking, and stress concentration, are possible causes for the reduced actuator performance. They also reduce the actuator reliability, hindering technology commercialization. [5,6] We introduce self-clearable compliant electrode materials that could enhance the fault-tolerance of the dielectric elastomers actuators. Thin metallic layers (10-100 nm) are being used for polypropylene thin-film capacitors for fault-tolerance. The electrode materials locally evaporate, or self-clear, around defects during highvoltage breakdown. [7][8][9] Metallic films are not sufficiently compliant for the dielectric elastomers. To enhance the compliancy of metallic electrodes, zig-zag shaped metallic lines were used to obtain 80 % area strains.[10] Uniform metallic coatings on corrugated silicone elastomer surfaces supported linear strains up to 33 %. [11] The commonly used compliant electrode materials for the VHB elastomers are powdered carbon graphite, carbon black, or carbon fibrils dispersed in grease or silicon oil, and electrolyte solutions. [12] No self-clearing has been reported for these electrode materials. Our experiments showed that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can overcome this morass. The SWNT electrodes have exhibited flexibility as transparent electrodes in lightemitting diodes, solar cells, and thin-film transistors. [13][14][15][16] With thin SWNT electrodes, the dielectric elastomer can not only be strained larger than 200 % in area expansion, but can achieve fault-tolerance through localized degradation of SWNTs. Figure 1 shows a 300 % biaxially prestrained VHB 4910 film (62 lm thick after prestrain) with the SWNT electrodes at rest (Fig. 1a) and during actuation at 5 kV (Fig. 1b). The calculated strain is 200 %. This value is comparable with the same film using conventional carbon grease electrodes. The observed strain for 300 % biaxially prestrained VHB 4905 films (31 lm thick after prestrain) was 190 % at 3.5 kV.The thickness of the SWNT electrodes greatly affects the obtained strain. Figure 2 shows the strain as a function of the applied voltage for different thicknesses of SWNT on a 300 % biaxially prestrained VHB 4905 film. For comparison, equal thicknesses of SWNT were applied on the two surfaces of each acrylic elastomers film. The surface resistances were 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 4, and 20 kX square -1 , corresponding to calculated SWNT thicknesses of 250, 125,...

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“…Resonance, Stark, and van der Waals broadening can be calculated in the impact approximation, which is valid when the collision time is much shorter than the time between collisions, 10,11 …”

Section: Line Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approximation assumes that the radiating particles are perturbed by a slowly varying potential field which can be considered quasistatic. This approximation results in a Levy profile, 10,14 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the atomic line profiles in high pressure plasmas

Janssen

Gnybida

Suijker

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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In a previous contribution to this journal [H. P. Stormberg, J. Appl. Phys. 51(4), 1963(1980], Stormberg presented an analytical expression for the convolution of Lorentz and Levy line profiles, which models atomic radiative transitions in high pressure plasmas. Unfortunately, the derivations are flawed with errors and the final expression, while correct, is accompanied by misguiding comments about the meaning of the symbols used therein, in particular the "complex error function." In this paper, we discuss the broadening mechanisms that give rise to Stormberg's model and present a correct derivation of his final result. We will also provide an alternative expression, based on the Faddeeva function, which has decisive computational advantages and emphasizes the real-valuedness of the result. The MATLAB/Octave scripts of our implementation have been made available on the publisher's website for future reference. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Diagnostic of the self-healing of metallized polypropylene film by modeling of the broadening emission lines of aluminum emitted by plasma discharge

Cited by 80 publications

References 21 publications

Electrical Energy Density and Discharge Characteristics of a Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)Copolymer

Electrical Energy Density and Discharge Characteristics of a Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)Copolymer

Fault‐Tolerant Dielectric Elastomer Actuators using Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

On the atomic line profiles in high pressure plasmas

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