Diagnostic Performance of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kits for the Detection of the Novel Coronavirus in Ethiopia

Sisay, Abay; Tesfaye, Abraham; Desale, Adino; Ataro, Israel; Woldesenbet, Zerihun; Nigusse, Bisrat; Tayachew, Adamu; Kebede, Adisu; Feleke, Aklilu

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s290711

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Addis Ababa city administration oversees 99 health centers and six public health hospitals. Each hospital and health center serves between 1 and 1.5 million and 40,000 people [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2022

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Background Biomedical wastes (BMWs) generated from medical laboratories are hazardous and can endanger both humans and the environment. Highly infectious biomedical wastes are produced at an unacceptably high rate from health laboratories in developing countries with poor management systems, such as Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of biomedical waste generation, management practices, and associated factors in public healthcare medical laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and methods From July 13 to September 25, 2020, a health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 hospital laboratories and 20 health centres laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and practice of biomedical waste management and generation rate were collected d in health facilities using pre tested data collection tools. SPSS version 20 was used to manage the data. To identify independent predictors of the dependent variable, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear, and logistic regression analysis were used. The strength of the association was determined using an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results In this study, the mean ± SD daily generation rate of biomedical wastes was 4.9 ± 3.13 kg/day per medical laboratory. Nineteen medical laboratories (74.3%) had proper biomedical waste management practice, which is significantly associated with professionals’ knowledge of biomedical waste management policies and guidelines, the availability of separate financial sources for biomedical waste management, and the level of training of professionals. Conclusion The study found that medical laboratories in Addis Ababa’s public healthcare facilities generate a significant amount of biomedical waste. Nearly two-thirds of hospitals performed proper waste segregation, collection, storage, and treatment procedures for biomedical waste generated in their laboratories. However, there was a poor transportation and disposal method. As a result, paying special attention and implementing the current national guidelines for biomedical waste management is recommended.

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“…Addis Ababa city administration oversees 99 health centers and six public health hospitals. Each hospital and health center serves between 1 and 1.5 million and 40,000 people [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2022

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“…There are 99 health centers and 6 public health hospitals in Addis Ababa under Addis Ababa city administration. Each Hospital and health center serves to 1 – 1.5 million and 40,000 people, respectively[13,14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Endris

Tamir

Sisay

2021

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Background: Biomedical wastes (BMW) generated from medical laboratories are hazardous and can be deleterious to humans and the environment. Highly infectious types of biomedical wastes are commonly generated at an unacceptably high rate from health laboratories of developing countries with a poor management system like Ethiopia. This study was aimed to evaluate the generation rate of biomedical wastes, management practices, and associated factors among public healthcare medical laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and methods: A Health institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 13 to September 25, 2020, in 6 hospital laboratories and 20 health center laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice of biomedical waste management of the health facilities, Biomedical waste generation rate were collected using data collection tools. Data were managed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression analysis were computed to identify independent predictors of the dependent variable. An Odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the strength of association. Results: The finding revealed that the mean plus or minus SD of the daily generation rate of biomedical wastes was 4.9 plus or minus 3.13 kg/day per medical laboratory. Nineteen (74.3%) medical laboratories had a proper practice of biomedical waste management which is significantly associated with knowledge of professionals on biomedical waste management policies and guidelines, availability of separate financial sources for biomedical waste management, and training level of professionals. Conclusion: The study showed a high generation of biomedical waste from medical laboratories in public healthcare in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Near two-thirds of health facilities had a proper practice of waste segregation, collection, storage, and treatment of biomedical wastes generated from their laboratory. However, there was a poor practice of transportation and disposal. Hence, due attention and practicing as per the current national guidelines of biomedical waste management is recommended.

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“…In Ethiopia, so far there are 3,574,218 total tests using RT-PCR, which equates to 30,136 tests per million population, since the first COVID-19 case was reported and the subsequent declaration of global pandemic [ 15 , 17 ]. Even though the country has come a long way in increasing the testing capacity through redirecting and mobilizing resources and organizing testing campaigns, the tests per the total population are still very low and need due attention [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) is still an ongoing global pandemic and a public health emergency resulting in more than 4,891,942 deaths from 240,061,637 documented cases as of 13 October, 2021 the first reported case in China, Wuhan in December 2019 [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available one step RT-PCR assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in resource limited settings

et al. 2022

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Background COVID-19 is an ongoing public health pandemic regardless of the countless efforts made by various actors. Quality diagnostic tests are important for early detection and control. Notably, several commercially available one step RT-PCR based assays have been recommended by the WHO. Yet, their analytic and diagnostic performances have not been well documented in resource-limited settings. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of three commercially available one step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays in Ethiopia in clinical setting. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June, 2021 on 279 respiratory swabs originating from community surveillance, contact cases and suspect cases. RNA was extracted using manual extraction method. Master-mix preparation, amplification and result interpretation was done as per the respective manufacturer. Agreements between RT-PCRs were analyzed using kappa values. Bayesian latent class models (BLCM) were fitted to obtain reliable estimates of diagnostic sensitivities, specificities of the three assays and prevalence in the absence of a true gold standard. Results Among the 279 respiratory samples, 50(18%), 59(21.2%), and 69(24.7%) were tested positive by TIB, Da An, and BGI assays, respectively. Moderate to substantial level of agreement was reported among the three assays with kappa value between 0 .55 and 0.72. Based on the BLCM relatively high specificities (95% CI) of 0.991(0.973–1.000), 0.961(0.930–0.991) and 0.916(0.875–0.952) and considerably lower sensitivities with 0.813(0.658–0.938), 0.836(0.712–0.940) and 0.810(0.687–0.920) for TIB MOLBIOL, Da An and BGI respectively were found. Conclusions While all the three RT-PCR assays displayed comparable sensitivities, the specificities of TIB MOLBIOL and Da An were considerably higher than BGI. These results help adjust the apparent prevalence determined by the three RT-PCRs and thus support public health decisions in resource limited settings and consider alternatives as per their prioritization matrix.

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Diagnostic Performance of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG Rapid Test Kits for the Detection of the Novel Coronavirus in Ethiopia

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Medical laboratory waste generation rate, management practices and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available one step RT-PCR assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in resource limited settings

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