Diagnostic performance of waist-to-height ratio in identifying cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome among adult Saudis

Alzeidan, Rasmieh; Fayed, Amel; Rabiee, Fatemeh; Hersi, Ahmad; Elmorshedy, Hala

doi:10.15537/smj.2020.3.24915

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some Mexican scholars provided evidence that WHtR could predict the risk assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexican population (36). In addition, Rasmieh Alzeidan emphasized that waist height ratio showed a good diagnostic performance for metabolic syndrome among Saudis (37). It should be noted that WC and its change, are more strongly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes than BMI, and changes in body weight among Chinese adults, and it's essentially the same in our results (38).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The adiposity indicators in relation to diabetes among adults in China: a cross-sectional study from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Qian¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Palliat Med

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Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disease which has been confirmed to be involved with abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation. There is still a lack of nationwide research in China to discuss the relationship between adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral adiposity index, waist-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and diabetes. The question of which one is the best indicator of obesity to predict diabetes in China remains to be unclear.Methods: Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, including 7,930 participants aged over 18 years old for cross-sectional analysis. Information about height, weight, WC, hip circumference, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, energy intake and blood samples were analyzed. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the association of WC, BMI, WHR, waist-to-height ration (WHtR) and visceral adipose index (VAI) with the prevalence of diabetes in the 2009 CHNS respectively. Predictive potential of five adiposity indicators was validated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC). The optimal cut-off points were determined by Youden's index, which was used to estimate the performance of adiposity indicators. Results:The study shows patients in the highest quartile were more likely to have diabetes than those

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The adiposity indicators in relation to diabetes among adults in China: a cross-sectional study from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Qian¹,

Sun²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Ann Palliat Med

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show abstract

“…Therefore, it is necessary to explore and compare the predictive power of different obesity indicators on the risk of dyslipidemia simultaneously. Accumulating studies had been conducted to explore associations between different anthropometric obesity indices like BMI [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], WC [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], WHtR [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and the risk of dyslipidemia. However, most of them were cross-sectional studies [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], which could not make causal association between obesity status and the dyslipidemia, and those findings were controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating studies had been conducted to explore associations between different anthropometric obesity indices like BMI [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], WC [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], WHtR [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and the risk of dyslipidemia. However, most of them were cross-sectional studies [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], which could not make causal association between obesity status and the dyslipidemia, and those findings were controversial. Changes in anthropometric indices were better for assessing the effect of excess fat [ 19 ], and some longitudinal studies assessed possible impacts of long-term changes in anthropometric indices on the risk of incident dyslipidemia [ 2 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Their Changes on Risks of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults: The Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study

Cao

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study aimed to assess the effects of different anthropometric indices and their changes on the risk of incident dyslipidemia among the Chinese population. From the Guizhou population health cohort study, 2989 Chinese adults without dyslipidemia at baseline were followed up. Anthropometric parameters including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and their changes in the latter two indices, and serum lipids were tested after at least 8 h fasting. Hazard ratio (HR), adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between anthropometric parameters and dyslipidemia risk using multivariate Cox regression. A total of 2089 (69.98%) new dyslipidemia cases were identified over an average follow-up of 7.0 years. Baseline BMI (aHR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.01, 1.23) and WHtR (aHR = 1.06, 95%CI 1.00, 1.13) were positively associated with higher risks of incident dyslipidemia but not WC. Each 5.0 kg/m2 increment of BMI or 0.05-unit increment of WHtR was significantly associated with 43% or 25% increased risk of incident dyslipidemia, respectively. The aHRs (95%CI) of incident dyslipidemia for subjects maintaining or developing general obesity were 2.19 (1.53, 3.12) or 1.46 (1.22, 1.75), and 1.54 (1.23, 1.82) or 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) for subjects maintaining or developing abdominal obesity, respectively. Linear trends for aHRs of BMI, WHtR change, and BMI change were observed (p for trend: 0.021, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). BMI, WHtR, and their changes were closely associated with the incidence of dyslipidemia for Chinese adults. Loss in BMI and WHtR had protective effects on incident dyslipidemia, whereas gain of BMI or WHtR increased the dyslipidemia risk. Interventions to control or reduce BMI and WHtR to the normal range are important for the early prevention of dyslipidemia, especially for participants aged 40 years or above, male participants, and urban residents with poor control of obesity.

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“…This finding was in line with cross-sectional studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, China, Brazil, and Jimma. 25 , 35 , 48 , 49 The possible reason for WHtR to be a better tool for screening hypertension could be due to its consideration of both height and WC of an individual. The height could affect the fat distribution; resulting in short people having a higher chance of accumulating fat centrally, and they also have a higher level of blood cholesterol and SBP than tall people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result agreed with cross-sectional studies conducted in Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Korea. 29 , 48 , 60 The decreased power of BMI to screen hypertension could be due to its incapability to differentiate fat mass and muscle mass which might lead to under screening of health risks. 21 This is supported by a result from the Britain study, which indicated that more than one in 7 normal weight males and more than one in 3 normal weight females could be at increased health risk according to their abdominal fat distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Screening Hypertension Among Employees of Mizan Tepi University, Southwestern Ethiopia

Dereje¹,

Hassen²,

Gizaw³

2021

IBPC

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Background: Globally, hypertension is becoming a serious problem affecting the health and wellbeing of the adult population. Anthropometric indices like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) have long been utilized to screen hypertension; in contrast, other evidence indicates the superior utility of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to screen hypertension. There are inconclusive results from different studies done in different settings regarding the best screening index for hypertension. In addition, there is a paucity of information on the evaluation of anthropometric indices for screening hypertension in the study area. Therefore, this study evaluates the utility of anthropometric indices for screening hypertension among Mizan Tepi University employees, southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Mizan Tepi University employees. A gender-based stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 585 employees. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between anthropometric indices and hypertension. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was employed to evaluate anthropometric indices for screening hypertension, and optimal cutoff points were also developed based on Youden index (sensitivity + specificity -1) and presented with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV). Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 20.9%, which was 22.5% in males and 18.7% in females. Among males, WHtR, WHR, and BMI were significantly associated with hypertension, while, in females, only BMI was associated with hypertension. WHtR had a higher screening ability for hypertension followed by WC in both sexes. For males, the cutoff point for WHR, WC, BMI, and WHtR for screening hypertension was 0.897, 85.17cm, 24.6kg/m 2 , and 0.51, respectively. In females, the cutoff point developed for screening hypertension for WHR, WC, BMI, and WHtR were 0.92, 85.67cm, 24.8kg/m 2 , and 0.52, respectively. Conclusion:The waist-to-height ratio was found to be the best obesity index to screen hypertension than BMI, WC, and WHR. The finding supports the use of WHtR for screening hypertension in resource-limited settings.

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Diagnostic performance of waist-to-height ratio in identifying cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome among adult Saudis

Abstract: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of waist to height ratio (WHtR) to screen for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Saudis.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

The adiposity indicators in relation to diabetes among adults in China: a cross-sectional study from China Health and Nutrition Survey

The adiposity indicators in relation to diabetes among adults in China: a cross-sectional study from China Health and Nutrition Survey

Effects of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Their Changes on Risks of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults: The Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study

Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Screening Hypertension Among Employees of Mizan Tepi University, Southwestern Ethiopia

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