Diagnostic potential of peri‐implant crevicular fluid microRNA‐21‐3p and microRNA‐150‐5p and extracellular vesicles in peri‐implant diseases

Abstract

Background To explore the diagnostic usefulness of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and their subpopulations (micro‐vesicles and exosomes), and microRNAs (miRNA‐21‐3p, miRNA‐150‐5p, and miRNA‐26a‐5p) in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of subjects with healthy, peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis implants. Methods A total of 54 patients were enrolled into healthy, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis groups. PICF samples were collected, EVs subpopulations (MVs and Exo) were isolated and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of miRNA‐21‐3p, miRNA‐150‐5p and miRNA‐26a‐5p was quantified by qRT‐PCR. Logistic regression models and accuracy performance tests were estimated. Results PICF samples show the presence of EVs delimited by a bi‐layered membrane, in accordance with the morphology and size (< 200 nm). The concentration of PICF‐EVs, micro‐vesicles and exosomes was significantly increased in peri‐implantitis implants compared to healthy implants (P = 0.023, P = 0.002, P = 0.036, respectively). miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p expression were significantly downregulated in patients with peri‐implantitis in comparison with peri‐implant mucositis sites (P = 0.011, P = 0.020, respectively). The reduced expression of miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p was associated with peri‐implantitis diagnosis (OR:0.23, CI 0.08‐0.66, P = 0.007 and OR:0.07, CI 0.01‐0.78, P = 0.031, respectively). The model which included the miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p expression had a sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 76.5%, a positive predictive value of 77.8%, and a negative predictive value of 92.9%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.97 and 0.09, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the model was 0.84. Conclusions An increase concentration of EVs with a downregulation expression of miRNA‐21‐3p and miRNA‐150‐5p could be related with the peri‐implantitis development.

Molecular Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Health and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

“…RANKL is one of the most extensively studied biomarkers in relation to bone metabolism and has been shown to be a valuable biomarker for determination of bone destruction in periodontal and peri-implant disease [ 10 , 21 ]. The results of the current study regarding RANKL level in PICF is in line with available evidence which showed increased expression of RANKL in sites with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis compared to healthy sites [ 22 , 23 ]. These results indicate that RANKL could be one of the biomarkers which can be used to monitor potential progression of peri-implant diseases.…”

The Role of MicroRNA in DNA Damage Response

“…Extracellular vesicles (micro-vesicles and exosomes) are secreted vesicles with membrane structures, which protect the contents from degradation and enter the recipient cell. Extracellular vesicles have been reported as a novel strategy for the exogenous addition of miRNAs ( Song et al, 2019 ; Chaparro et al, 2021 ). It is necessary to explore the effects of miRNAs delivered by extracellular vesicle on diseases and promote the clinical application of miRNAs on tumors and other diseases.…”

Biomarkers from Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid (PICF) as Predictors of Peri-Implant Bone Loss: A Systematic Review

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs), for example, are small endogenous sequences of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) responsible for specific regulation of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner [ 14 ]. They are involved in biological processes, such as immune-inflammatory response, bone metabolism, cell replication, and apoptosis [ 15 ]. They are already extensively employed for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapies of oncologic and genetic diseases, but they have still been scarcely explored in dental implantology [ 16 ].…”