Diagnostic Potential of Stokes Shift Spectroscopy of Breast and Prostate Tissues — A Preliminary Pilot Study

Ebenezar, Jeyasingh; Pu, Yang; Liu, C. H.; Wang, W. B.; Alfano, R. R.

doi:10.7785/tcrt.2012.500190

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed thus the maximum fluorescence quantum yield is 1.0 (100%). The fluorescence emission peak (λ max ) is essential for each certain fluorophore; therefore, it can be identified and quantified on the basis of emission spectroscopy by using blind source separation or previous measured individual spectrum of each known fluorophore [54][55][56][57][58][59]. Dye excited by an ultrashort laser pulse, a molecule is pumped to S * n , which is shown as the vibrational excited state S * 1 in Fig.…”

Section: Ultrafast Fluorescence Polarization Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of visible and near infrared dyes in picosecond dynamics

Alfano

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Near-infrared (NIR) dyes absorb and emit light within the range from 700 to 900 nm have several benefits in biological studies for one-and/or two-photon excitation for deeper penetration of tissues. These molecules undergo vibrational and rotational motion in the relaxation of the excited electronic states. Due to the less ideal anisotropy behavior of NIR dyes stemming from the fluorophores elongated structures and short fluorescence lifetime in picosecond range, no significant efforts have been made to recognize the theory of these dyes in time-resolved polarization dynamics. In this study, the depolarization of the fluorescence due to emission from rotational deactivation in solution will be measured with the excitation of a linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse and a streak camera. The theory, experiment and application of the ultrafast fluorescence polarization dynamics and anisotropy are illustrated with examples of two of the most important medical based dyes. One is NIR dye, namely Indocyanine Green (ICG). ICG dye is compared with Fluorescein which is in visible range with much longer lifetime to study the salient property of the time-resolved polarization spectroscopy in picosecond range. A set of first-order linear differential equations was developed to model fluorescence polarization dynamics of NIR dye in picosecond range. Using this model, the important parameters of ultrafast polarization spectroscopy were identified: risetime, initial time, fluorescence lifetime, and rotation times.

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Section: Ultrafast Fluorescence Polarization Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of visible and near infrared dyes in picosecond dynamics

Alfano

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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“…OB uses optical spectroscopy (Raman spectra of intrinsic analytes and fluorescence spectra of native fluorophores, including synchronized fluorescence scan -called Stokes shift emission) techniques and photonic devices to discriminate abnormality on cells and molecular level changes between cancerous and normal tissues. OB technology is now widely used as a characterization method for biological research and biomedical diagnosis, which makes this technique very important for detecting cancer lesions in vivo and in vitro [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. This report presents the study of the spectral differences of the NFL and Stokes Shift spectra between human cancerous and normal colorectal and gastric tissues using basic biochemical component analysis (BBCA) model in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tryptophan as key biomarker to detect gastrointestinal tract cancer using non-negative biochemical analysis of native fluorescence and Stokes Shift spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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The objective of this study was to find out the emission spectral fingerprints for discrimination of human colorectal and gastric cancer from normal tissue in vitro by applying native fluorescence.The native fluorescence (NFL) and Stokes shift spectra of seventy-two human cancerous and normal colorectal (colon, rectum) and gastric tissues were analyzed using three selected excitation wavelengths (e.g. 300 nm, 320 nm and 340 nm). Three distinct biomarkers, tryptophan, collagen and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), were found in the samples of cancerous and normal tissues from eighteen subjects.The spectral profiles of tryptophan exhibited a sharp peak in cancerous colon tissues under a 300 nm excitation when compared with normal tissues. The changes in compositions of tryptophan, collagen, and NADH were found between colon cancer and normal tissues under an excitation of 300 nm by the non-negative basic biochemical component analysis (BBCA) model.

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“…It is desirable to employ a single scan to obtain most critical information of the fingerprint of main fluorophores, which are valuable for cancer detection. The method of Stokes Shift Spectra modality for cancer detection was first proposed and used by Alfano [46] and later used for biochemicals analysis and detection of breast cancer [47,48]. More recently, the S3 technique has received increasing interest for diagnostics of different types of cancer by detecting biomarkers in human tissues [49] and other human body samples: such as urine, blood and body fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical biopsy - a new armamentarium to detect disease using light

Alfano

2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Optical spectroscopy has been considered a promising method for cancer detection for past thirty years because of its advantages over the conventional diagnostic methods of no tissue removal, minimal invasiveness, rapid diagnoses, less time consumption and reproducibility since the first use in 1984. It offers a new armamentarium. Human tissue is mainly composed of extracellular matrix of collagen fiber, proteins, fat, water, and epithelial cells with key molecules in different structures. Tissues contain a number of key fingerprint native endogenous fluorophore molecules, such as tryptophan, collagen, elastin, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and porphyrins. It is well known that abnormalities in metabolic activity precede the onset of a lot of main diseases: carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer, and Parkinson's disease, etc. Optical spectroscopy may help in detecting various disorders. Conceivably the biochemical or morphologic changes that cause the spectra variations would appear earlier than the histological aberration. Therefore, "optical biopsy" holds a great promise as clinical tool for diagnosing early stage of carcinomas and other deceases by combining with available photonic technology (e.g. optical fibers, photon detectors, spectrographs spectroscopic ratiometer, fiber-optic endomicroscope and nasopharyngoscope) for in vivo use. This paper focuses on various methods available to detect spectroscopic changes in tissues, for example to distinguish cancerous prostate tissues and/or cells from normal prostate tissues and/or cells. The methods to be described are fluorescence, stokes shift, scattering, Raman, and time-resolved spectroscopy will be reviewed. The underlying physical and biological basis for these optical approaches will be discussed with examples. The idea is to present some of the salient works to show the usefulness and methods of Optical Biopsy for cancer detection and show new directions.

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Diagnostic Potential of Stokes Shift Spectroscopy of Breast and Prostate Tissues — A Preliminary Pilot Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of visible and near infrared dyes in picosecond dynamics

Time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy of visible and near infrared dyes in picosecond dynamics

Tryptophan as key biomarker to detect gastrointestinal tract cancer using non-negative biochemical analysis of native fluorescence and Stokes Shift spectroscopy

Optical biopsy - a new armamentarium to detect disease using light

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