Diagnostic Reference Levels

Vassileva, J.; Rehani, Madan M.

doi:10.2214/ajr.14.12794

Cited by 108 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A strong point to be made is that these minimally acceptable values should not be confused with diagnostic reference levels, which indicate a level of patient dose that can be achieved for a given imaging technique in a certain geographical region. 24 The use of reference levels based on image quality should not be carried out in a radiation protection context, as the intention of "reaching" a certain image quality does not correspond with the principles of as low as reasonably achievable and diagnostic reference levels. Instead, they should be used only to indicate a potential image quality concern during research and development, acceptance testing or quality control.…”

Section: Birpublicationsorg/dmfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of dental CBCT exposures through mAs reduction

Pauwels¹,

Seynaeve²,

Henriques³

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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Section: Birpublicationsorg/dmfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of dental CBCT exposures through mAs reduction

Pauwels¹,

Seynaeve²,

Henriques³

et al. 2015

Dentomaxillofacial Radiology

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“…However, the reference levels are given only for micturating cystourethrography (MCU), barium meal and barium swallow, and are given in the unit of dose area product (DAP, Gy.cm 2 ). As such, the calculated DRLs resulted from this study that were given in ESD (mGy) cannot be compared to those applied in the UK.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Values of Diagnostic Reference Level for Selected X-Ray Examinations in Indonesia

et al. 2016

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The diagnostic reference levels form an efficient, concise, and powerful standard for optimizing the radiation protection of a patient. With an aim to contribute toward the establishment of the Indonesian National Diagnostic Reference Levels (NDRLs), a nationwide survey of the entrance surface doses received by adult patients during the most typical X-ray examinations has been performed. A number of 44 hospitals in 21 cities located in Java, Bali, Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi islands were selected randomly to participate in this survey. Eight most common adult X-ray examinations in 13 projections, as well as four children X-ray examinations in six projections, were included in the list of procedures under consideration. Hospitals of different sizes and levels using different X-ray machines were represented in the survey. Standard thermoluminescence dosemeters were applied to measure entrance surface dose (ESD). A total of 1493 patients, consisting of 1208 adults and 285 children, were included in this study. The data were analyzed statistically and the minimum, median, mean, maximum, first quartile, and third quartile values of ESDs were reported. The ESDs calculated (third quartile) for adults varied from 0.18 mGy (for extremities AP) to 5.84 mGy (for lumbar spine LAT), and for children they varied from 0.16 mGy (for chest AP/PA) to 1.46 mGy (for skull AP/PA). Considering the geographic spread and size of Indonesia, those third quartile values calculated can only be regarded as preliminary DRL values for Indonesia. Compared with data from other countries, the calculated ESDs in this study are in general lower than the ESDs in those countries.

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“…Dose quantities and units commonly used to set diagnostic levels were described recently and were accepted as reference dose values . CTDI vol is a measure of the radiation output of CT system and is a quantity that can be measured on either a large (32 cm diameter) or small (16 cm diameter) plastic cylinder made up of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dose quantities and units commonly used to set diagnostic levels were described recently and were accepted as reference dose values. 10 CTDI vol is a measure of the radiation output of CT system and is a quantity that can be measured on either a large (32 cm diameter) or small (16 cm diameter) plastic cylinder made up of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). Dose measurements were made at the centre and at the periphery, and these values were combined using a weighted average to produce a single estimate of radiation dose to that plastic cylinder.…”

Section: Ct Dose Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of institutional diagnostic reference level for computed tomography with automated dose-tracking software

et al. 2017

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) by summarising doses collected across the five computed tomography (CT) system in our institution.Methods CT dose data of 15940 patients were collected retrospectively from May 2015 to October 2015 in five institutional scanners. The mean, 75th percentile and 90th percentile of the dose spread were calculated according to anatomic region. The common CT examinations such as head, chest, combined abdomen/pelvis (A/P), and combined chest/abdomen/pelvis (C/A/P) were reviewed. Distribution of CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose‐length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were extracted from the data for single‐phasic and multiphasic examinations.ResultsThe institutional DRL for our CT units were established as mean (50th percentile) of CTDIvol (mGy), DLP (mGy.cm) and ED (mSv) for single and multiphasic studies using the dose‐tracking software. In single phasic examination, Head: (49.0 mGy), (978.0 mGy.cm), (2.4 mSv) respectively; Chest: (6.0 mGy), (254.0 mGy.cm), (4.9 mSv) respectively; CT A/P (10.0 mGy), (514.0 mGy.cm), (8.9 mSv) respectively; CT C/A/P (10.0 mGy), (674.0 mGy.cm), (11.8 mSv) respectively. In multiphasic studies: Head (45.0 mGy), (1822.0 mGy.cm), (5.0 mSv) respectively; Chest (8.0 mGy), (577.0 mGy.cm), (10.0 mSv) respectively; CT A/P: (10.0 mGy), (1153.0 mGy.cm), (20.2 mSv) respectively; CT C/A/P: (11.0 mGy), (1090.0 mGy.cm), (19.2 mSv) respectively.ConclusionsThe reported metrics offer a variety of information that institutions can use for quality improvement activities. The variations in dose between scanners suggest a large potential for optimisation of radiation dose.

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Diagnostic Reference Levels

Cited by 108 publications

References 3 publications

Optimization of dental CBCT exposures through mAs reduction

Optimization of dental CBCT exposures through mAs reduction

Preliminary Values of Diagnostic Reference Level for Selected X-Ray Examinations in Indonesia

Establishment of institutional diagnostic reference level for computed tomography with automated dose-tracking software

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