Diagnostic Role of Osteopontin in Interstitial Lung Disease

Abstract

Objective: Early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) is desirable not only to better define pathobiological mechanisms, but also to customize treatment protocols. As osteopontin (OPN) expression may be linked to the fibrotic remodelling in ILD, this present study was planned to evaluate the usefulness of its estimation in serum for the diagnosis of ILD.Material and Methods: Serum OPN levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 52 diagnosed cases of ILD, that were then compared with 46 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and 46 apparently healthy controls.Results: Median levels of serum OPN were found to be significantly higher in patients with ILD, 2.186 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml), as compared to patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and healthy controls (1.687 and 1.923 ng/ml, respectively). The best cutoff levels of OPN, for diagnosis of ILD, was found to be >1.08 ng/ml; with a sensitivity of 88.4% and specificity of 32.6%. Of the various subtypes, serum OPN levels were found to be highest in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features; although the difference in levels between various subgroups was not found to be statistically significant (p-value=0.495).Conclusion: Serum concentration of OPN was found to be increased in patients with ILD and may be used to aid diagnosis. This opens new avenues for future research in patients with ILD, not only for the validation of the diagnostic abilities of OPN, but also as a potential target in its treatment.

Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

“…Serum values of KL-6 and SP-A better reflect a later phase of the fibrosis process, i.e., the remodeling phase [93]. Although OPN values are highest in patients with IPF, no significant differences were observed compared to the values in patients with other ILD subtypes, indicating the limited use of this biomarker in differential diagnosis [94].…”

“…Osteopontin is a multifunctional cytokine involved in various biological processes, including cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and reparative processes [87]. In this regard, the Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100042 biological role of osteopontin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, and several types of cancer is suggested [93,94].…”

“…The function of osteopontin in the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis was tested in experimental mouse models, where the role in promoting the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of fibroblasts in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was demonstrated [93,94]. In addition, analysis of lung biopsy samples of patients with IPF showed that osteopontin is a cytokine with the highest expression [93].…”

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Where do We Stand and How Far to Go?

“…In cases of AE of IPF, serum osteopontin levels are significantly higher than those in stable IPF, and this increase is associated with a worse prognosis [216]. However, despite the fact that patients with IPF exhibit the highest levels of osteopontin, there were no significant differences in these levels compared to patients with other ILD subtypes, highlighting the limited utility of this biomarker in differential diagnosis [217].…”

Exploring the Relation Between Interstitial Lung Diseases and Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review

“…In 52 patients of ILD, serum osteopontin levels were calculated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test by Goyal M et al in 2021 [ 12 ]. Patients with ILD were found to have higher serum concentrations of osteopontin, which could help in diagnosis.…”