Diagnostic Significance of Reduced IgA in Children

Nurkić, Jasmina; Numanovic, Fatima; Arnautalic, Lejla; Tihić, Nijaz; Halilovic, Dzenan; Jahic, Mahira

doi:10.5455/medarh.2014.68.381-383

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As mucosal secretory immunoglobulin levels are not determined, children with hypogammaglobulinemia, particularly IgA deficient ones may not provide sufficient local protective functions in the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, a selective IgA deficiency in children has been proved to be associated with the increased risk of allergy to foods in several clinical studies from Europe [15,16], the Middle East [7] and in the report of the United States Immunodeficiency Network which was published recently [17]. Interestingly, in the hypogammaglobulinemic children studied, atopic dermatitis was the most prominent manifestation of allergy to foods, present in 59% of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgA deficiency: a risk factor for food allergy-related atopic dermatitis in infants and young children

Szczawińka-Popłonyk¹,

Komasińska²,

Bręborowicz³

2016

pdia

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A b s t r a c t Introduction:The impaired immunosurveillance and dysfunctional antigen compartmentalization in primary immunodeficiencies may predispose affected children to allergic sensitization. Aim: The growing problem of allergic reactions to foods and the increase in non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal disorders prompted us to investigate the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on the prevalence and clinical phenotypes of food allergy. Material and methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 78 infants and young children with deficiencies of one or more immunoglobulin isotypes and of 132 age-matched patients with normal immunoglobulin production in terms of prevalence and clinical manifestation of food allergy, atopic sensitization and physical development. Results: The symptoms of allergy to foods were demonstrated with a comparable frequency in children with hypogammaglobulinemia and with normal immunoglobulin levels (51% vs. 48%). The most prominent clinical phenotype of children with hypogammaglobulinemia was atopic dermatitis, whereas in children with normal immunoglobulin production, gastrointestinal symptomatology predominated. Uniquely, IgA deficiency showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with food allergy and with cutaneous symptomatology. A striking predominance of non-IgE-mediated food allergy was demonstrated in both groups of the children studied, with elevated serum total IgE levels seen more commonly in children with normogammaglobulinemia than in those with hypogammaglobulinemia. Conclusions: The rate of non-IgE mediated allergic sensitization to foods in the population of infants and young children is high and clinically relevant. A selective IgA deficiency should alert physicians to assess affected children with respect to diverse phenotypes of food allergy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgA deficiency: a risk factor for food allergy-related atopic dermatitis in infants and young children

Szczawińka-Popłonyk¹,

Komasińska²,

Bręborowicz³

2016

pdia

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“…It is noteworthy that whereas mucosal SIgA levels rise rapidly in infants and reach adult levels early in childhood, serum IgA levels mature much more slowly and may not attain full adult levels until adolescence (27). Given the apparent difference in susceptibility to COVID-19 disease between young children and adults (28), these differences in immune response maturation should be considered.…”

Section: The Role Of Mucosal Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

et al. 2020

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The mucosal immune system is the largest component of the entire immune system, having evolved to provide protection at the main sites of infectious threat: the mucosae. As SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the upper respiratory tract, its first interactions with the immune system must occur predominantly at the respiratory mucosal surfaces, during both inductive and effector phases of the response. However, almost all studies of the immune response in COVID-19 have focused exclusively on serum antibodies and systemic cell-mediated immunity including innate responses. This article proposes that there is a significant role for mucosal immunity and for secretory as well as circulating IgA antibodies in COVID-19, and that it is important to elucidate this in order to comprehend especially the asymptomatic and mild states of the infection, which appear to account for the majority of cases. Moreover, it is possible that mucosal immunity can be exploited for beneficial diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic purposes.

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“… 22 , 23 , 24 Intriguingly, mucosal sIgA levels increase promptly in infants and reach adult levels early in childhood, while serum IgA matures much slower and may not reach adult levels until puberty. 25 Given the apparent differences in the susceptibility of children and adults to COVID-19, 26 this difference should be taken into consideration in vaccine development.…”

Section: Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Alu¹,

Chen²,

et al. 2022

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Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization. However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, which is partially due to the absence of mucosal immunity activation. Despite the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the next generation of COVID-19 vaccine is in demand and intranasal (IN) vaccination method has been demonstrated to be potent in inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Presently, although not licensed, various IN vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are under intensive investigation, with 12 candidates reaching clinical trials at different phases. In this review, we give a detailed description about current status of IN COVID-19 vaccines, including virus-vectored vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. The ongoing clinical trials for IN vaccines are highlighted. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of mucosal immunity and potential mucosal adjuvants and nasal delivery devices are also summarized.

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Diagnostic Significance of Reduced IgA in Children

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

IgA deficiency: a risk factor for food allergy-related atopic dermatitis in infants and young children

IgA deficiency: a risk factor for food allergy-related atopic dermatitis in infants and young children

Mucosal Immunity in COVID-19: A Neglected but Critical Aspect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

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