Diagnostic Simulation of Water Age in Small Lake of Bosten Lake

Abstract

Concerns have increased regarding water quality deterioration in arid land water. Water age is a useful indicator of the susceptibility of water bodies to water quality deterioration and is helpful for knowing the basic mechanisms governing the transport of materials through water bodies. In the current study, the spatial distributions of water age in the small lake of Bosten Lake (hereinafter referred to as small lake) were investigated with a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model built on the basis of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model. In particular, the influences of different water flow periods, farmland drainages, and wind directions on water age distributions in the small lake were investigated. The modeled water age in the small lake has high spatial variability. The water age is maximum at the northeastern part and minimum at the center of the small lake. The water age in the small lake is lower during wet periods and gets larger for dry periods. After five years’ simulation, the average water age in the whole small lake system was 594, 684, and 794 days under wet, normal, and dry periods. Increasing the hydraulic connectivity of the small lake can reduce its water age by opening its ecological gate inflow and Ahongkou gate outflow. This is the more favorable hydraulic conditions promoting water exchange in most regions of the small lake and can be used in hydraulic engineering to improve its water age. The farmland drainages should be controlled around the small lake. The mean water age of the whole small lake under the northwestern wind is lower than that under the southwestern wind. The simulated results provide important information for comprehending the water exchange efficiency, help in discovery of areas of the small lake most likely to experience water quality degradation, and can be used to design the engineering projects to improve or protect the water environment.

Exploring the Drivers for Changes in Lake Area in a Typical Arid Region during Past Decades

“…The SWAT hydrological model employed in this study has limited accuracy in calculating groundwater dynamics within lakes due to its inability to account for geological characteristics, such as rock types. Among the four lakes, we could only find limited years' worth of groundwater exchange data for Bosten Lake in Liu's study [44].…”

Numerical Modelling of a Dam-Regulated River Network for Balancing Water Supply and Ecological Flow Downstream

“…EFDC, initially developed by Hamrick in 1988, is a comprehensive modelling system recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for surface water simulation [23]. It is one of the most widely used hydrodynamic and ecological models, which has been applied to simulate flow fields of water systems, material transport (temperature, salinity, and sediment transport), and ecological processes in rivers, reservoirs, lakes, wetland, and various aquatic systems [24][25][26].…”