Diagnostic tools to monitor udder health in dairy goats

Koop, Gerrit; Nielen, M.; Werven, T. van

doi:10.1080/01652176.2012.675634

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Routine diagnosis of mastitis is based on determining the concentration of somatic cells in milk, also known as SCC. While S. aureus IMI is often associated with chronic elevations in SCC in cows and small ruminants (Koop, Nielen, & van Werven, 2012;Paape et al, 2007;Schukken, Wilson, Welcome, Garrison-Tikofsky, & Gonzalez, 2003), this test is not specific for S. aureus IMI as many other bacteria can stimulate the same response. Hence, aetiological diagnosis is only possible based on detection of bacteria in aseptically collected milk samples from the mammary gland.…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge gaps and research priorities inStaphylococcus aureusmastitis control

Rainard

Foucras

Fitzgerald

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

178

202

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SummaryThis study assessed knowledge gaps and suggested research priorities in the field of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus infecting the mammary gland remains a major problem to the dairy industry worldwide because of its pathogenicity, contagiousness, persistence in the cow environment, colonization of skin or mucosal epithelia, and the poor curing efficacy of treatments. Staphylococcus aureus also constitutes a threat to public health due to food safety and antibiotic usage issues and the potential for bidirectional transmission of strains between humans and dairy animals (cows and small ruminants). Gaps have been identified in

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Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge gaps and research priorities inStaphylococcus aureusmastitis control

Rainard

Foucras

Fitzgerald

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

178

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In dairy animals, SCC is an important milk characteristic possibly related to animal welfare. Research in dairy goats suggests that this indicator is related to intramammary infections, as SCC increases in presence of clinical or subclinical mastitis Koop et al, 2012), although the latter is asymptomatic and is not reported to affect goat welfare (Jimenez-Granado et al, 2014). Somatic cell count is routinely collected herd data on bulk milk; therefore, it is available in most farms.…”

Section: Absence Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Animal-based indicators for on-farm welfare assessment for dairy goats

Battini

Vieira

Barbieri

et al. 2014

Journal of Dairy Science

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This paper reviews animal-based welfare indicators to develop a valid, reliable, and feasible on-farm welfare assessment protocol for dairy goats. The indicators were considered in the light of the 4 accepted principles (good feeding, good housing, good health, appropriate behavior) subdivided into 12 criteria developed by the European Welfare Quality program. We will only examine the practical indicators to be used on-farm, excluding those requiring the use of specific instruments or laboratory analysis and those that are recorded at the slaughterhouse. Body condition score, hair coat condition, and queuing at the feed barrier or at the drinker seem the most promising indicators for the assessment of the "good feeding" principle. As to "good housing," some indicators were considered promising for assessing "comfort around resting" (e.g., resting in contact with a wall) or "thermal comfort" (e.g., panting score for the detection of heat stress and shivering score for the detection of cold stress). Several indicators related to "good health," such as lameness, claw overgrowth, presence of external abscesses, and hair coat condition, were identified. As to the "appropriate behavior" principle, different criteria have been identified: agonistic behavior is largely used as the "expression of social behavior" criterion, but it is often not feasible for on-farm assessment. Latency to first contact and the avoidance distance test can be used as criteria for assessing the quality of the human-animal relationship. Qualitative behavior assessment seems to be a promising indicator for addressing the "positive emotional state" criterion. Promising indicators were identified for most of the considered criteria; however, no valid indicator has been identified for "expression of other behaviors." Interobserver reliability has rarely been assessed and warrants further attention; in contrast, short-term intraobserver reliability is frequently assessed and some studies consider mid- and long-term reliability. The feasibility of most of the reviewed indicators in commercial farms still needs to be carefully evaluated, as several studies were performed under experimental conditions. Our review highlights some aspects of goat welfare that have been widely studied, but some indicators need to be investigated further and drafted before being included in a valid, reliable, and feasible welfare assessment protocol. The indicators selected and examined may be an invaluable starting point for the development of an on-farm welfare assessment protocol for dairy goats.

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“…As expected, the specificity of both markers decreased, but the steadier performances of CATH resulted in a specificity advantage of over 9 percentage points over SCC (82.98% for CATH versus 73.67% for SCC) at the same sensitivity of 91.80%, exemplified by the higher AUC of over 0.02. The advantage of CATH over SCC in late lactation ewes is particularly relevant since, as clearly pointed out by Koop et al [19], with all the due considerations linked to the prevalence of the disease, costs associated with false positive and false negative results, as well as species and contagiousness of intramammary pathogens circulating in the flock, higher specificity is preferable over higher sensitivity in mastitis detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheep can be screened for mastitis at the end of lactation, while goats should preferably be tested at peak lactation, as also suggested by others [19]. In late lactation sheep, CATH should be preferred over SCC for its higher specificity, but careful cost/benefit evaluations will have to be made.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacteriological culture of milk (BC) is still the best way for detecting contagious mastitis outbreaks and for gaining a detailed understanding of the causes and dynamics of subclinical mastitis (SCM) events in the herd or flock [3,16]. Its applicability to routine screening, however, is limited by cost and sensitivity issues [7,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of Late Lactation Milk Somatic Cell Count and Cathelicidin with Intramammary Infection in Small Ruminants

Puggioni¹,

Tedde²,

Uzzau

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Late lactation is a critical moment for making mastitis management decisions, but in small ruminants the reliability of diagnostic tests is typically lower at this stage. We evaluated somatic cell counts (SCC) and cathelicidins (CATH) in late lactation sheep and goat milk for their relationship with intramammary infections (IMI), as diagnosed by bacteriological culture (BC). A total of 315 sheep and 223 goat half-udder milk samples collected in the last month of lactation were included in the study. IMI prevalence was 10.79% and 15.25%, respectively, and non-aureus staphylococci were the most common finding. Taking BC as a reference, the diagnostic performance of SCC and CATH was quite different in the two species. In sheep, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis produced a higher area under the curve (AUC) value for CATH than SCC (0.9041 versus 0.8829, respectively). Accordingly, CATH demonstrated a higher specificity than SCC (82.92% versus 73.67%, respectively) at comparable sensitivity (91.18%). Therefore, CATH showed a markedly superior diagnostic performance than SCC in late lactation sheep milk. In goats, AUC was <0.67 for both parameters, and CATH was less specific than SCC (61.90% versus 65.08%) at comparable sensitivity (64.71%). Therefore, both CATH and SCC performed poorly in late lactation goats. In conclusion, sheep can be screened for mastitis at the end of lactation, while goats should preferably be tested at peak lactation. In late lactation sheep, CATH should be preferred over SCC for its higher specificity, but careful cost/benefit evaluations will have to be made.

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Diagnostic tools to monitor udder health in dairy goats

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Knowledge gaps and research priorities inStaphylococcus aureusmastitis control

Knowledge gaps and research priorities inStaphylococcus aureusmastitis control

Invited review: Animal-based indicators for on-farm welfare assessment for dairy goats

Relationship of Late Lactation Milk Somatic Cell Count and Cathelicidin with Intramammary Infection in Small Ruminants

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