Mucins provide a protective barrier for epithelial surfaces, and their overexpression in tumors has been implicated in malignancy. We have previously demonstrated that Muc4, a transmembrane mucin that promotes tumor growth and metastasis, physically interacts with the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase and augments receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in response to the neuregulin-1 (NRG1) growth factor. In the present study we demonstrate that Muc4 expression in A375 human melanoma cells, as well as MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cells, enhances NRG1 signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. In examining the mechanism underlying Muc4-potetiated ErbB2 signaling, we found that Muc4 expression markedly augments NRG1 binding to A375 cells without altering the total quantity of receptors expressed by the cells. Cell-surface protein biotinylation experiments and immunofluorescence studies suggest that Muc4 induces the relocalization of the ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane. Moreover, Muc4 interferes with the accumulation of surface receptors within internal compartments following NRG1 treatment by suppressing the efficiency of receptor internalization. These observations suggest that transmembrane mucins can modulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling by influencing receptor localization and trafficking and contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which mucins contribute to tumor growth and progression.The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases includes ErbB1/ epidermal growth factor (EGF) 3 receptor, ErbB2/Her2/Neu, ErbB3, and ErbB4. The EGF-like growth factor family of ligands binds the extracellular domain of the ErbB receptors leading to the formation of both homo-and heterodimers. Receptor dimer formation is followed by autophosphorylation of receptor intracellular domains, recruitment of intracellular signaling proteins, and the initiation of a number of signaling cascades that regulate cellular growth, motility, and survival. ErbB receptors play critical roles both in development and tissue maintenance (1), and their overexpression and aberrant activation have been implicated in the genesis and progression of a variety of human tumors (2).While in general receptor heterodimerization is thought to diversify ErbB signaling (1), heterodimerization with ErbB2 is required for ErbB3 signaling in response to the neuregulin-1 (NRG1) growth factor. No soluble growth factor ligand has been identified that binds to ErbB2, but it is the preferred dimerization partner of the other ErbB family members. Thus, it is thought that its function is to heterodimerize with the other ErbB family members to enhance signaling. ErbB3 is a binding receptor for NRG1 but lacks intrinsic kinase activity (3) and is not capable of signaling on its own. The ErbB2-ErbB3 heterodimer efficiently activates the Ras/Erk pathway, and the C-terminal domain of ErbB3 contains six binding sites for the p85 subunit of PI3K that very efficiently couple the activated receptor ...