Diagnostics of inter-turn short circuits in phase stator windings of permanent magnet synchronous machines

Abstract

Reliable and economical operation of electrical equipment in the urban passenger electric transport system depends on the complex of organizational and technical measures carried out at the stages of design, installation and operation of electrical installations. Currently, much attention is paid to the application of new approaches and methods in the system of operation of electrical equipment, corresponding to the structure, level of organization and forms of management by urban motor transport enterprises, which are aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of electrical equipment, reducing the failure rate, extending the service life of electric motors and reducing the duration of downtime of urban electric transport. One of the most promising methods of monitoring the technical condition of traction motors is diagnostics using monitoring tools installed on board the vehicle. The purpose of the work is to identify diagnostic signs of interturn short circuits in the phase windings of a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets, with the help of which it is possible to detect these malfunctions on board route urban vehicles at an early stage.
 Methods. A mathematical model of a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnets with short-circuited turns of the phase winding has been developed, which makes it possible to study the behavior of the motor with a different number of closed turns.
 For the first time, the requirements for diagnostic signs for the on-board diagnostic system of an urban electric bus are formulated, which allows detecting inter-turn short circuits in the phase windings of traction electric motors at the early stages of the origin of a malfunction.
 Conclusions. The main parameters of the process of digital registration of phase currents have been obtained, allowing measurements and transmission of signals over the onboard information network of the electric bus.
 Using simulation modeling methods, it was found that the peak values of the linear spectrum of the total current vector are stable diagnostic signs that make it possible to detect inter-turn short circuits in the phase windings of traction motors at the early stages of the origin of the fault.