Diagnostics of Solar Cells

Abstract

The paper represents the mathematical model for diagnostics of solar cell. The research objectives are the problem of determining a solar cell technical condition during its operation. The solar cell diagnostics is based on the mathematical model of solar cells. The single-diode solar cell model is characterized by a slight deviation of the theoretically calculated characteristics from the characteristics of the real solar cell, one of the reasons being the complexity of the accurate measurement of the series resistance. The single-diode solar cell model uses the current and voltage ratio in the form of an implicit function and it cannot be solved directly. For its solution it is necessary to use numerical methods. This is main disadvantage of the single-diode solar cell model. The methodological approach to increasing the reliability of the solar cell diagnostic has been proposed, in terms of multi-parameter the solar cell diagnostic by applying the solar cell impedance model.

Impact of the epidemiological situation in Poland in 2020 on the public transport system

“…In the tested operation system, the damaged tram is directed to the serviceability subsystem, where it undergoes renewal (servicing) processes during an epidemic, the situation in which a suspected person meets in the middle of public transport is also counted to such a state, and the bus must be disconnected from traffic and disinfected. before it becomes operational again [15][16].…”

Diagnostics, measurement and control of electrical parameters supercapacitors

“…The presence of precisely the capacitances and active absorption resistances leads to significant differences between the capacitance values at the measuring frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz, in comparison with the capacitance values in the region of infra-low frequencies. This difference is especially noticeable when measured by the charge-discharge method [3][4][5][6][7].…”

“…By expression (7), we obtain an inhomogeneous system of equations for Ak for the number of frequencies L.…”

“…The fundamental difference of such components from traditional capacitors is that they do not contain a dielectric, and their super-high electrical capacity is provided by an electric double layer (EDL), which is formed at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte. Therefore, in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], such objects are also called capacitive storage, capacitors with an electric double layer, ion capacitors, as well as supercapacitors.…”

“…Despite extensive research and application of supercapacitors, during measurements and diagnostics of the parameters of such components, in most cases, a double-element equivalent circuit is used [6,7]. In fact, as experimental studies show, the equivalent circuit of such capacitors is much more complicated [8].…”