“…Nowadays, the MFO algorithm is deeply studied to solve multi-objective problems, unconstrained optimization problems, global optimization problems, and so on [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The MFO algorithm has been proved to be effective in networks [19,20], manufacturing [21], power systems [22][23][24], control [25], energy [26][27][28], reliability analysis [29][30][31], autonomous robot navigation [32], testing [33], photovoltaic modules [34], biomedical science [35][36][37], and so on. The MFO algorithm can then be utilized to optimize and improve the accuracy of the classification algorithm for the purpose of network intrusion detection.…”