DIALEKTIKA PLURALISME HUKUM: Upaya Penyelesaian Masalah Ancaman Keberagaman dan Keberagamaan di Indonesia

Abstract

Conflict resolution on SARA requires pluralistic approaches. Hence, the presence of legal pluralism becomes a new approach to resolve the problem. This study is a qualitative research that convey three dimensions of legal pluralism, namely natural law, state law and society law. The study used secondary data, with primary and secondary legal materials obtained by documentation resources. Data were analyzed inductively, used the contemporary theories to produce more conceptual and general propositions for conclusions and recommendations. The result shows that there have been 8 cases on SARA conflict in Indonesia during the last three years. To solve these problems, religious leaders can use natural law approach to reinternalize religious values and tolerance. In addition, the government also should understand that those conflicts were a form of society law owing to discreditable law society and religious diversity. Therefore, non penal policy with persuasive appeals is needed to reduce the problems. However, penal policy through law enforcement should also be implemented as a form of state positivism law. In other words, state positivism law should go hand in hand with natural law and society law in order to reach the best decision based on moral and religious ethics as well as social values. *** Penyelesaian konflik SARA membutuhkan pendekatan-pendekatan yang plural. Oleh karena itu pluralisme hukum hadir sebagai pendekatan baru untuk menyelesaikan tersebut Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan tradisi kualitatif yang berusaha mendialektikakan 3 dimensi dari legal pluralism, yaitu natural law, state law dan law society. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder, dengan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh dengan teknik dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara induktif dengan menggunakan teori-teori yang ada untuk memproduksi suatu proposisi yang umum, sehingga menghasilkan kesimpulan dan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi 8 konflik SARA di Indonesia dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut, para pemuka agama menggunakan pendekatan natural law untuk reinternaliasasi nilainilai keluhuran atas agama dan toleransi. Pemerintah seharusnya memahami bahwa konflik tersebut adalah bentuk society law karena tercederainya keragaman dan keberagamaan. Perlu kebijakan non penal dengan seruan-seruan persuasif agar persoalan serupa tidak lagi terjadi. Di sisi lain, kebijakan penal melalui penegakan hukum juga harus dilakukan, sebagai bentuk state positivism law. State positivism law harus mampu menggandeng natural law dan law society, agar diperoleh putusan terbaik yang berlandaskan nilai-nilai moral ethic religion dan nilai-nilai sosial kemasyarakatan.

A Critical Study of Legal Positivism As a Legal System in a Pluralist Country

“…Legal pluralism places a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the law, in order to achieve substantive justice. [12] According to Nurjaya in Faiz Guslan, Indonesia is included in the traditional and religious law system, this is due to the pluralism of religions, races, ethnicities, and different legal cultures. To indicate this condition, there is a motto, namely Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, which means that Indonesia is a country with all its pluralism but still within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.…”

“…For this reason, another approach is needed that can help reveal and seek to resolve this problem, namely through the socio-legal approach. [12] However, in the midst of the call to legal pluralism, there is a trap because it turns out that there are parts of non-state law that are not worthy of being appointed as a guide because they are oppressive, unfair, inefficient, and corrupt so that they are not compatible to be compared with state law which is ideal. This thesis reminds Indonesian legal experts to be more selective in choosing non-state laws to be used as references.…”

Islam, Fatwa dan Negara: Meretas Pluralisme Hukum Perceraian di Aceh

“…Pluralisme hukum sejatinya tidak hanya terjadi di Aceh saja, Ikhwanuddin Harahap juga pernah meneliti tentang pluralisme hukum perkawinan pada masyarakat Tapanuli Selatan. 12 begitu juga dengan Hanisah Binte Abdullah Sani tentang pluralisme hukum, 13 Arskal Salim, 14 Novita Dewi Masyithoh, 15 dan Mies Grijns dan Hoko Horii 16 yang mendudukan dua konsep hukum berbeda antara undang-undang perkawinan dan norma hukum agama dalam batas usia nikah. Beberapa penelitian tersebut menkaji bagaimana pluralime hidup.…”

“…36 Pluralisme hukum seakan membantah paradigma legal centralism yang lebih menekankan hukum Vol. 15 No. 2, Desember 2021 negara.…”

Urgency of Legal Pluralism Study for Students of Sharia and Law Faculty After Changes of Academic Degree

“…Novi Dewi Masyithoh 18 , Dialectic of Legal Pluralism: Efforts to Solve Threats of Diversity and Religion in Indonesia. Legal-pluralism expected to be the best alternative in resolving SARA conflicts, using the Non-Penal approach.…”