Diallel Analysis of Callus Induction and Green‐Plant Regeneration in Rice Anther Culture

Abstract

Low efficiencies of callus induction and green‐plant regeneration have limited the application of anther culture in breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of callus induction and plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) anther culture. Sixteen genotypes derived from a four‐parent diallel mating set of two Japonica cultivars (Taipei 309 and Taipei 177) and two indica cultivars (IR36 and Basmati 370) were evaluated for their callus induction and plant regeneration abilities. For callus induction, the effects of genotype and genotype ✕ medium interaction were significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, genotype and abscisic acid (ABA) level were found to be significant (P < 0.05) for green‐plant production. The japonica cultivars generally had a higher percent callus induction and plant regeneration, and number of calli producing green plants than did the indica cultivars. Similar modes of inheritance were observed for both characters. Combining ability analysis demonstrated the predominance of additive gene effects in the control of both characters with the japonica cultivars having higher combining ability for green‐plant regeneration. Reciprocal effects were not significant (P > 0.05), suggesting the absence of maternal control on the characters. Further analysis showed gene action to be partially dominant with high response being highly recessive and controlled by a few genes. There were no indications of inter‐allelic interaction.

Combining Ability of Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Sorghum Anther Culture

“…In addition, additive effects accounted for a larger proportion than the dominant effects for callus induction (179.83, mean square for GCA vs. 31.75, mean square for SCA) and for total plant regeneration (1225.73, for GCA vs. 410.37, for SCA). The present results were similar to previous studies that both additive and dominant gene actions contributed to the variation of callus induction and plant regeneration traits in barley (Powell, 1987;Hou et al, 1994), and for rice anther culture (Quimio and Zapata, 1990) .…”

“…As indicated by Zhou and Konzak (1992), the percentage of green-plant regeneration from the anther culture of wheat was under the control of nuclear genes and the action of these genes was predominantly additive. Addit ive and dominant effects have also been reported for the anther culture of barley (Dunwell et al, 1987;Powell, 1987 ;Hou et al, 1994) and rice (Quimio and Zapata, 1990) and in vitro callus formation and plant regeneration in alfalfa (Wan et al, 1988) and red clover (Poerba et al, 1997). Recently, several studies on the factors influencing callus induction and plant regeneration in anther culture of sorghum have been reported (Wen et al, 1991;Kumaravadivel and Rangasamy, 1994;Nakamura et al, 1997;Can et' al., 1998).…”

Selection of Interspecific Hybrids for Anther Culture of Indica Rice

“…Many authors have reported that considerable variation among genotypes has been identified (Niizeki and Oono 1968;Mukherjee 1973;Oono 1975;Shen et al 1982;Chen 1988;Li 1991). Moreover, previous studies also showed that anther culture capacity in rice was highly heritable and was controlled by nuclear genes (Miah et al 1985;Quimio and Zapata 1990). These results suggested it might be possible to overcome the limitation through genetic recombination, transferring genes controlling anther culturability from high response into poorly responsive lines.…”

“…But the technique can be of practical use in breeding only if it can create sufficient numbers of green plants (Quimio and Zapata 1990).…”

“…Usually, genotypes with high regeneration do not respond favourably to induction, while genotypes with high callus induction do not regenerate a large frequency of green plants. Some success has been achieved in increasing either callus induction or green-plant regeneration ability respectively by genetic recombination (Miah et al 1985;Quimio and Zapata 1990;Guiderdoni et al 1992;Omar Faruque et al 1998). However it has not been reported that new combinations whose genotypes incorporating high frequency of callus induction and regeneration have been selected.…”