Diallel Analysis of Tolerance to Drought in Cowpea Genotypes

Abstract

The low use of technologies by farmers and the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses are limiting factors for cowpea production in the Brazilian Northeast region. The tolerance of genotypes to drought is an alternative to decrease the negative effects of stresses on cowpea production. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify parents and combinations of cowpea genotypes with high probability of generating segregating populations with tolerance to drought. Six cowpea genotypes were crossed in a complete diallel cross design, totaling 30 F2 populations, which were evaluated together with their parents in an experiment under water deficit at the experimental field of the Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. A triple lattice incomplete block experiment design was used, with three replications, with experimental plot consisting of six 2-m plant rows. Fifteen plants per plot were sampled to evaluate their agronomic characteristics, whose results were subjected to analysis of variance and means were used to estimate the general and specific combining abilities. The genotypes showed significant differences in all characteristics evaluated, denoting the genetic variability of the population. The additive effects were more important than the non-additive effects, and maternal inheritance was detected. The genotypes BRS Xiquexique, Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 and MNC99-510F-16-1 were the most promising for use in recurrent selection programs for tolerance to water deficit. The hybrid combinations (1) BRS Paraguaçu X (4) CNCx-698-128G, (2) Pingo-de-Ouro-1-2 X (3) BRS Xiquexique, (3) BRS Xiquexique X (5) Santo-Inácio, (4) CNCx-698-128G X (6) MNC99-510F-16-1 and (5) Santo-Inácio X (4) CNCx-698-128G showed potential for generating superior lineages regarding bean production and tolerance to water deficit.

Determination of Combining Ability and Heredity Through Diallel Analysis Method in F2 Populations of Cowpea

“…According to the average seed yields in the F2 generation, the parental values varies between 17.04 g/plant (Karagöz) and 52.06 g/plant (Sırma), and in the F2 generation, the single-plant seed yields were 24.45 g/plant (Sırma x Karagöz) and 51.41 g/plant (Pekşen x Karagöz) (Table 6). With the findings of this study, Ceyhan (2004), Peksen and Artık (2004), Ceyhan et al (2008), Borivoj et al (2013), Kadam et al (2013), Ceyhan et al (2014), Rodrigues et al (2018), Walle et al (2019), andJoshi et al (2022) are in harmony.…”

“…Heterosis values varied between -29.23% (Sırma x Karagöz) and 131.55% (Pekşen x Karagöz), and heterobeltiosis values ranged between -53.03% (Sırma x Karagöz) and 87.83% (Pekşen x Karagöz) (Tables 7 and 9). In their previous studies, Kadam et al (2013), Magar et al (2016), Gupta et al (2017), Rodrigues et al (2018), Owusu et al (2020), andJoshi et al (2022) reported that heterosis was more significant than herobeltiosis in seed yield.…”

“…In the F2 generation, it was determined that the ²GCA was less than the ²SCA, the ²GCA/²SCA ratio was less than 1 and the H/D 1/2 ratio was greather than 1 (Table 6). Thus, Dias et al (2016), Magar et al (2016), Kumari and Chauhan (2018), Rodrigues et al (2018), Purnamasari et al (2019), Owusu et al (2020), andVerma et al (2020) reported that additive gene effects are important in seed yield. Olunloyo et al (2019) stated that cowpea seed yield was influenced by both added and non-added genes.…”

Food Legume Production Performance in Support of World Food

“…These genotypes are the best suitable parents used for further breeding programs (Carvalho et al 2019). Some breeding to improve drought tolerance is directed to a diallel analysis (Rodrigues et al 2018) and genetic architecture for grain yield, biomass, and delayed senescence (Muchero et al 2013). Hall (2004) based on the results of their studies of cowpea breeding to heat stress reviewed that breeding for heat stress adaptation directed on crop phenology, heat tolerance during reproductive development, and interactions between heattolerant during reproductive development and other traits.…”

Genetic analysis of safflower populations under water stress and nonstress conditions

“…Trotter] (Abraha et al., 2018), coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) (Gholizadeh et al., 2018), cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (Rodrigues, Damasceno‐Silva, Rocha, Bastos, & Santos, 2018), Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.) (Singh, Kumar, Kaur, Singh, & Kaur, 2019), and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) (Abdelsatar, Elnenny, & Hassan, 2020).…”