“…When dialogue has been evaluated for its effects on international and interethnic conflict, participatory action research and case study designs have been used (Abu-Nimer, 1999Pruitt and Kaufer, 2004;Munyandamusta, Mugiraneza, and Van Brabant, 2005;Noto and others,, 2004;Saunders, 2003;Thillet de Solorzano, 2004). Evaluation methods for UNDP dialogues, which have been termed "situational, reflective and generative," have included participatory action research, case studies, and interviews (Pruitt and Kaufer, 2004;Thillet de Solorzano, 2004). A heuristic approach and emergent design in dialogue evaluation may take the form of "reflective practice," whereby each stage of the dialogue process involves participatory planning in describing the outcomes for the next stage (Munyandamusta, Mugiraneza, and Van Brabant, 2005).…”