Dialysis: A Review of the Mechanisms Underlying Complications in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the most prevalent, worldwide public health problem of the elderly population. The main cause of CRF is a damaged kidney. There are five stages of CRF based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and stage 5 (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2) is often called an end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In CRF, there is an accumulation of toxins and excess water due to compromised renal function. Dialysis is the preferred way to treat ESRD and remove accumulated toxins from the body. The cardiovascular risk associated with dialysis is 10 to 20 times higher in patients undergoing dialysis than in normal people. The inflamed kidneys and the process of dialysis also affect endothelial function, aggravating the risk of hypertension and cardiac problems. Therefore, both physicians and patients should be aware of the consequences of undergoing dialysis. There is an urgent need to educate CRF patients regarding facts about the disease, medications, dietary habits, and various measures required to manage the condition and lead a normal life. This paper attempts to delineate the mechanisms that could result in cardiovascular and other complications among CRF patients undergoing dialysis.

Design and Development of the Novel Technology for the Treatment of Patients with the Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

“…As considered, efficient hemodialysis is applied into the various applications like Nocturnal dialysis, which is performed at night during sleeping and it wants around 7 hours of time [9] [10]. The NX Stage is a company that currently provides the homely hemodialysis, which comforts the patient by rendering dialysis at home [18] [24]. Continuous renal replacement therapy is accident mode dialysis and also long term dialysis is performed around 24 hours.…”

“…The motors which are used in current marketable device are over capacitive for the process of dialysis so we have constructed the device with the mini and low volt motors. [11]The priming system is very essential in case of long tubing like normal hemodialysis machine, but we have made it with convenient length which is easy cleanable and affordable. [17]The steps towards physician less dialysis is very much less in the current mechanism, but the project device is well enhanced with the safety measures using sensor alert systems.…”

“…The body cannot function without the support of kidney, and in order to sustain in life, dialysis was adopted [11]. The dialysis is the technical replacement of kidney function which is performed thrice a week.…”

A study on understanding the blood lipid profile of the hemodialysis patients in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq

“…Dialysis does not conduct totally missed renal function; however, it handles its operations through ultra iltration and diffusion to a certain level. It is performed when the glomerular iltration rate (GFR) is less than 15mL/min/1.73m 2 in chronic renal failure (CRF) (Tattersall et al, 2011;Lee, 2017;Vadakedath and Kandi, 2017).…”

“…The concentration of toxins and liquids, which further raises blood pressure, occurs when the blood vessels of the kidneys are disrupted by the increased-BP based damages. Hypertension on its own is regarded as a renal disease risk factor and when it comes to other complications can generate CRF (Foley and Collins, 2007;Lackland and Weber, 2015;Vadakedath and Kandi, 2017).…”