Diamond crystallization in the Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C systems and the role of sulfide-metal melts in the genesis of diamond

Жимулев, Е. И.; Sinyakova, E. F.; Сонин, В. М.; Чепуров, А. А.; Pokhilenko, N. P.

doi:10.1134/s0016702912030111

Cited by 45 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The measurement error is +0.2 GPa and +25 • C. Heating of the samples was performed after pressurization, and after the experiment the samples were cooled by quenching. Further experimental details with photographs are available in Chepurov et al (2010), Zhimulev et al (2012), and Tomilenko et al (2015).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a first approximation, our high-pressure experimental cells also represent small volumes of metal melt in which carbon is present and diamond crystallization occurs. In this case, an important role could also be played by the fluid phase, which is always present in metal-carbon melts and is represented mainly by hydrocarbons (Zhimulev et al, 2015). Recent papers by Smith et al (2016 discuss the presence of a fluid phase (CH 4 ) in inclusions in diamonds and consider diamond growth in the presence of metallic melt.…”

Section: Application To Natural Geological Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process will stimulate the evolution of metal pockets in the Earth's mantle. At the same time, the migrating metal melt is saturated with carbon and other light components, such as sulfur, forming a complex Fe-Ni-C-S liquid in which diamond crystals can grow (Zhimulev et al, 2012). This fact is very interesting for mantle geology, because it demonstrates the growth of diamond from metal-sulfide melts.…”

Section: Application To Natural Geological Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do diamonds grow in metal melt together with silicate minerals? An experimental study of diamond morphology

Сонин

Dereppe²,

Жимулев

et al. 2020

Eur. J. Mineral.

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Abstract. The origin and evolution of metal melts in the Earth's mantle and their role in the formation of diamond are the subject of active discussion. It is widely accepted that portions of metal melts in the form of pockets can be a suitable medium for diamond growth. This raises questions about the role of silicate minerals that form the walls of these pockets and are present in the volume of the metal melt during the growth of diamonds. The aim of the present work was to study the crystallization of diamond in a complex heterogeneous system: metal-melt–basalt–carbon. The experiments were performed using a multianvil high-pressure apparatus of split-sphere type (BARS) at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1500 ∘C. The results demonstrated crystallization of diamond in metal melt together with garnet and clinopyroxene, whose chemical compositions are similar to those of eclogitic inclusions in natural diamond. We show that the presence of silicates in the crystallization medium does not reduce the chemical ability of metal melts to catalyze the conversion of graphite into diamond, and, morphologically, diamond crystallizes mainly in the form of a cuboctahedron. When the content of the silicate material in the system exceeds 5 wt %, diamond forms parallel-growth aggregates, but 15 wt % of silicate phases block the crystallization chamber, preventing the penetration of metallic melt into them, thus interrupting the growth of diamond. We infer that the studied mechanism of diamond crystallization can occur at lower-mantle conditions but could also have taken place in the ancient continental mantle of the Earth, under reducing conditions that allowed the stability of Fe–Ni melts.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Natural Geological Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Natural Geological Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do diamonds grow in metal melt together with silicate minerals? An experimental study of diamond morphology

Сонин

Dereppe²,

Жимулев

et al. 2020

Eur. J. Mineral.

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“…The samples were formed by the conventional mode (on air), and the experiments proceeded with no insula tion of samples from the HPC components [12]. The assembled HFCs were dried for 10 h at 120°С before the experiments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile compounds of sulfur in the Fe-C-S system at 5.3 GPa and 1300°C

et al. 2015

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This report presents the results of experimental studies of the fluid phase in the Fe-C-S system at high P and T values (5.3 GPa and 1300°C) conforming to diamond synthesis. The samples for experiments were mounted on air; therefore, the volatile compounds detected after the experiments are characterized by a wide variety and complicated composition involving both inorganic and organic components. Among the inorganic compounds, CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , SO 2 , CS 2 , and COS were detected. The GC/MS analysis revealed hydrocarbons (paraffins, olefins, and arenes), including high molecular compounds. The formation of heavy hydrocarbons confirms their thermodynamic stability under high pressure. Oxygenated hydrocarbons (alco hols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and ethers) were also detected.

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“…With increasing loading, the quasi hydrostatic pressure in the cell increases. Construction of the apparatus and the methods of pressure and temperature control are described in [2][3][4][5].…”

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confidence: 99%