Diapause in Monogonont Rotifers

Schröder, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s10750-005-4235-x

Cited by 99 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Much general information is available on the biology of resting eggs: (1) reviews on structure, diapause duration, and hatching (Gilbert, , , , ; Gilbert & Schröder, ; Pourriot & Snell, ; Schröder, ); (2) studies on the density, viability, and genetic diversity of B. plicatilis eggs in sediment (García‐Roger, Carmona, & Serra, , ; Gómez & Carvalho, ); and (3) a review on cellular and physiological processes occurring during diapause entry and exit (Garcia‐Roger, Lubzens, Fontaneto & Serra, ).…”

Section: Emergence From Resting Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: Commitment to sex and emergence from diapause

Gilbert

2019

Freshwater Biology

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A review of research on life‐cycle events in field and laboratory populations of monogonont rotifers shows that there is great variation at multiple levels: (1) degree of sexual dimorphism; (2) occurrence and timing of sex; (3) propensity for sex during sexual periods; (4) factors controlling initiation of sex; and (5) timing and extent of emergence from diapause. There is no regular pattern where: (1) fertilised resting eggs hatch to start the growing season; (2) populations develop via female parthenogenesis during favourable conditions; and then (3) bisexual reproduction with resting‐egg production occurs during later, unfavourable conditions. Sexual reproduction in natural populations can occur throughout much of the growing season, be restricted to some period(s) during the growing season, or be completely absent. During sexual reproduction in both natural and laboratory populations, only some fraction of females produces males or resting eggs. This bet‐hedging strategy can prevent a population crash and permits future population growth via female parthenogenesis. Selection against sexual reproduction, and rapid loss of sex, can occur. Laboratory experiments with pond‐dwelling species have identified specific environmental factors that induce sex in different species: (1) increasing population density; (2) dietary tocopherol (vitamin E) and (3) long photoperiods. These factors generally are associated with favourable conditions for population growth and production of energy‐rich resting eggs: (1) large population size; (2) high probability of contacts between males and fertilisable females; and (3) nutritious diets. Endogenous factors can inhibit responses to these environmental inducers, and thus favour female parthenogenesis. The timing of resting‐egg hatching depends on: (1) occurrence of specific environmental conditions; (2) the minimum duration of obligate diapause; and (3) the genotype and physiology of females producing resting eggs. Hatching may occur shortly after oviposition, after a long diapause before or at the start of a new growing season, or throughout the growing season. Hatching can be massive and contribute substantially to population growth and genetic diversity. Areas for future research include: (1) determining the timing and extent of sex and resting‐egg hatching in more natural populations, especially those that are marine, benthic, sessile, and interstitial; and (2) identifying environmental and physiological factors controlling these events.

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Section: Emergence From Resting Eggsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: Commitment to sex and emergence from diapause

Gilbert

2019

Freshwater Biology

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“…Bdelloidea may enter dormancy in any stage of their life cycle (Ricci & Fontaneto 2009), whereas Monogononta produce resting eggs that can remain dry and/or frozen for extended periods before hatching (Gilbert 1974, Schröder 2005 there is little or no evidence of metabolic activity (Clegg 1986(Clegg , 2001. Bdelloidea may enter dormancy in any stage of their life cycle (Ricci & Fontaneto 2009), whereas Monogononta produce resting eggs that can remain dry and/or frozen for extended periods before hatching (Gilbert 1974, Schröder 2005 there is little or no evidence of metabolic activity (Clegg 1986(Clegg , 2001.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas Bdelloidea recover from their dormant stage as soon as water becomes available (Ricci 1998a), hatching of resting eggs of Monogononta is triggered by a more complex mechanism, with temperature and/or light conditions, interacting with the length of desiccation (Minkoff et al 1983, Schröder 2005.…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

4. Rotifera

Fontaneto¹,

Smet²

2014

Gastrotricha and Gnathifera

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“…Overall, this conceptual model has been verified in a recent study with B. calyciflorus , which showed that selective sweeps of OP clones invading into CP populations in chemostats could be quantitatively predicted based on such costs of sex and diapause (Stelzer 2011). In natural systems, however, there may be strong adaptive benefits of producing diapausing eggs, most notably bet‐hedging strategies in unpredictable environments (Schroder 2005; Stelzer 2005). Brachionus populations often inhabit small ponds, which may dry up in summer or completely freeze in winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population regulation in sexual and asexual rotifers: an eco‐evolutionary feedback to population size?

Stelzer

2011

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Population size is often regulated by density dependence, that is negative feedbacks between growth and population density. Several density-dependent mechanisms may operate simultaneously in a population. 2. In this study, I focus on two different mechanisms of density-dependent population regulation, resource exploitation (RE) and density-dependent sexual reproduction (DDS). 3. I analyse both mechanisms in clonal populations of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, which differ in the investment in sex because of a polymorphism at a single Mendelian locus. Some clones were cyclical parthenogens (CP) and possessed both mechanisms of population regulation (RE + DDS), while other clones were obligate parthenogens (OP) and thus lacking the DDS mechanism. 4. Equilibrium population size was considerably lower in CP clones, compared with OP clones, regardless of the exact measurement variable for population size (numbers of individuals or total biovolume ⁄ biomass). Interestingly, the decrease in population size was most pronounced in CP clones that heavily invested in sexual reproduction. 5. This suggests that the DDS mechanism can significantly contribute to population regulation and that genotypes lacking this mechanism (because of a mutation in genes affecting this trait) reach substantially higher population sizes. Apparently, the DDS mechanism operates already at much lower population densities than the RE, causing CP populations to stop growing before they are limited by resources. 6. As these differences in population regulation were caused by genetic variation within a single species and as rapid selective sweeps by OP clones are common in B. calyciflorus, this study provides an example for an eco-evolutionary feedback on an important ecological variable -equilibrium population size.

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Diapause in Monogonont Rotifers

Abstract: This review focuses on more recent findings on the diapause in Monogonont rotifers, since the major reviews by Pourriot

Cited by 99 publications

References 98 publications

Variation in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: Commitment to sex and emergence from diapause

Variation in the life cycle of monogonont rotifers: Commitment to sex and emergence from diapause

4. Rotifera

Population regulation in sexual and asexual rotifers: an eco‐evolutionary feedback to population size?

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