Diarrheal Diseases

Lanata, Claudio F.; Black, Robert E.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-464-3_6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…Diarrhea incidence remains a tremendous burden on children in low- and middle-income countries [2] due to multiple determinants [3] such as child malnutrition [4], low socioeconomic status and education of mothers [5,6], lack of safe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene [7,8], crowding [9] and low maternal age [10]. These determinants of diarrheal disease are strongly linked to poverty and social inequities [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas

et al. 2013

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BackgroundInformation on the part that poor food-hygiene practices play a role in the development of diarrhea in low socioeconomic urban communities is lacking. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the contribution of food-hygiene practice to the prevalence of diarrhea among Indonesian children.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 274 randomly selected children aged 12–59 months in selected low socioeconomic urban areas of East Jakarta. The prevalence of diarrhea was assessed from 7-day records on frequency and consistency of the child’s defecation pattern. Food-hygiene practices including mother’s and child’s hand washing, food preparation, cleanliness of utensils, water source and safe drinking water, habits of buying cooked food, child’s bottle feeding hygiene, and housing and environmental condition were collected through home visit interviews and observations by fieldworkers. Thirty-six practices were scored and classified into poor (median and below) and better (above median) food-hygiene practices. Nutritional status of children, defined anthropometrically, was measured through height and weight.ResultsAmong the individual food-hygiene practices, children living in a house with less dirty sewage had a significantly lower diarrhea prevalence compared to those who did not [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03-0.73]. The overall food-hygiene practice score was not significantly associated with diarrhea in the total group, but it was in children aged < 2 years (adjusted OR 4.55, 95% CI = 1.08-19.1).ConclusionsOverall poor mother’s food-hygiene practices did not contribute to the occurrence of diarrhea in Indonesian children. However, among children < 2 years from low socioeconomic urban areas they were associated with more diarrhea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas

et al. 2013

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“…The most common risk factor for gastroenteritis is diarrhoea, which continues to be a significant burden on children in low as well as middle nations (9) as a result of several elements (10)mothers' low social status as well as education (11,12)an absence of safe drinkable water, insufficient sanitation, as well as poor hygiene (13,14) as well as young maternal age (15) Several previous research in Iraqi cities have found that incorrect breastfeeding, water supply, poor sanitation, cleanliness, and socioeconomic position, low income, crowdedness, as well as low mom knowledge are significant risk factors for diarrhoea incidence (16,17) The major risk factors for gastroenteritis include environmental, seasonal, as well as demographics variables, with children becoming particularly vulnerable. Other disorders, such as measles as well as immunodeficiencies, increase the patient' s risk of gastrointestinal (GI) infections.…”

Section: Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Gastroenteritis Disease among Children Age 2-5 Years in Qaladze and Ranya City

Ismahil Ibrahim,

Hama Raof

2023

JKSS

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Acute gastroenteritis is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and death worldwide, with high healthcare utilization, ongoing practice variation, and significant family burden, especially in developing countries, and young children under the age of five are the most vulnerable. The objectives of the study are to: To assess the factors associated with gastroenteritis in children 2-5 years of age and also to investigate if there is a correlation between socio-demographic data with some of the factors of gastroenteritis A quantitative /descriptive study was conducted, with A non-probability /convenience sampling, The sample size was (111) children who had gastroenteritis and were admitted in Ranya maternity and pediatric teaching hospital and pediatric ward in Shahidan Qaladze Teaching Hospital. The data was collected by modifying the questionnaire that was asked from the patient’s parents by interview (face to face) method. The results of the study indicate that most of the cases were between the age (of 24-28) months 22%, (29-33) months 14%, (32-38) months14% and (59and more) months 28% with the (Mean =42) months. The male was more affected (58%) than the female (42%). Most of the patients were from urban areas (67%). According to the findings, there is a correlation between BMI (body mass index) with gastroenteritis because the P-value is less than 0.05, (P-value =0.04566), there is a significant correlation between Type of feeding and eating Type with Gastroenteritis because the p-value for both of these correlations is less than (0.05), the p-value of correlation between Feeding type and Gastroenteritis is (0.0374). There is a correlation between making the water safer to drink with gastroenteritis because the P-value less than 0.05, and the P-value is (0.0423). Children under 5 years of age are vulnerable to suffering gastroenteritis, the factors, including BMI (body mass index) ،methods that are used to clean water safer, feeding type, and eating type; are those factors that make clients vulnerable to suffer gastroenteritis.

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“…Lactose malabsorption is a common complication of diarrhea [10], especially among malnourished children [11], but limiting milk intake among young children can promote further nutritional deficiency if substitute sources of protein and energy are not consumed sufficiently. Commercial preparations of soy-based or other lactose-free formulations may be effective, but they are not routinely available to households in the settings in which most diarrhea morbidity and mortality occur, where the use of locally available foods to comprise appropriate treatment diets is far more feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continued feeding is now widely accepted as a key component of appropriate treatment for childhood diarrhea, but with the exception of consensus on continued breastfeeding, there remains some debate regarding the optimal diet or dietary ingredients for hastening recovery and maintaining nutritional status in children with diarrhea [ 8 , 9 ]. Lactose malabsorption is a common complication of diarrhea [ 10 ], especially among malnourished children [ 11 ], but limiting milk intake among young children can promote further nutritional deficiency if substitute sources of protein and energy are not consumed sufficiently. Commercial preparations of soy-based or other lactose-free formulations may be effective, but they are not routinely available to households in the settings in which most diarrhea morbidity and mortality occur, where the use of locally available foods to comprise appropriate treatment diets is far more feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCurrent WHO guidelines on the management and treatment of diarrhea in children strongly recommend continued feeding alongside the administration of oral rehydration solution and zinc therapy, but there remains some debate regarding the optimal diet or dietary ingredients for feeding children with diarrhea.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search for all published randomized controlled trials evaluating food-based interventions among children under five years old with diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries. We classified 29 eligible studies into one or more comparisons: reduced versus regular lactose liquid feeds, lactose-free versus lactose-containing liquid feeds, lactose-free liquid feeds versus lactose-containing mixed diets, and commercial/specialized ingredients versus home-available ingredients. We used all available outcome data to conduct random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the average effect of each intervention on diarrhea duration, stool output, weight gain and treatment failure risk for studies on acute and persistent diarrhea separately.ResultsEvidence of low-to-moderate quality suggests that among children with acute diarrhea, diluting or fermenting lactose-containing liquid feeds does not affect any outcome when compared with an ordinary lactose-containing liquid feeds. In contrast, moderate quality evidence suggests that lactose-free liquid feeds reduce duration and the risk of treatment failure compared to lactose-containing liquid feeds in acute diarrhea. Only limited evidence of low quality was available to assess either of these two approaches in persistent diarrhea, or to assess lactose-free liquid feeds compared to lactose-containing mixed diets in either acute or persistent diarrhea. For commercially prepared or specialized ingredients compared to home-available ingredients, we found low-to-moderate quality evidence of no effect on any outcome in either acute or persistent diarrhea, though when we restricted these analyses to studies where both intervention and control diets were lactose-free, weight gain in children with acute diarrhea was shown to be greater among those fed with a home-available diet.ConclusionsAmong children in low- and middle-income countries, where the dual burden of diarrhea and malnutrition is greatest and where access to proprietary formulas and specialized ingredients is limited, the use of locally available age-appropriate foods should be promoted for the majority of acute diarrhea cases. Lactose intolerance is an important complication in some cases, but even among those children for whom lactose avoidance may be necessary, nutritionally complete diets comprised of locally available ingredients can be used at least as effectively as commercial preparations or specialized ingredients. These same conclusions may also apply to the dietary management of children with persistent diarrhea, but the evidence remains limited.

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Diarrheal Diseases

Cited by 7 publications

References 254 publications

Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas

Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas

Factors Associated with Gastroenteritis Disease among Children Age 2-5 Years in Qaladze and Ranya City

Dietary management of childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

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