Diarrhoea in the horse associated with stress and tetracycline therapy

Baker, J. R.; Leyland, AH

doi:10.1136/vr.93.22.583

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…This is the first study to determine prevalence of AAD in a large population of nonhospitalised horses. In previous studies the population was small and the patients were also hospitalised [9,10,13,15]. Additionally, most of these previous studies determined the incidence of AAD in horses treated with one or 2 antimicrobial agents whereas our study looked at a wide range of antimicrobials commonly used by equine practitioners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices

Barr

Waldridge

Morresey

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Reasons for performing study: Although antimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most frequently observed adverse effect of antimicrobial therapy in horses, few multicentred studies on the prevalence of AAD have been performed. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of AAD in horses that developed diarrhoea after antimicrobial treatment for nondiarrhoeic conditions and identify the antimicrobials used. Methods: The 2009 database of 3 referral hospitals was searched to identify nonhospitalised horses (weanling age or older) treated with antimicrobials for nongastrointestinal conditions. Horses with these criteria that presented with diarrhoea during 2009 were included in the study. Additional information, including antimicrobial administered and results of faecal pathogen testing, was gathered on each hospitalised case. Results: Of the 5251 horses treated with antimicrobials for nongastrointestinal signs, 32 were diagnosed with probable AAD, a prevalence of 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.86%). The AAD‐diagnosed horses had an 18.8% (6/32) mortality rate. Horses with AAD had been treated for an average of 4.2 days. The most frequently used antimicrobials in horses with AAD were gentamicin in combination with penicillin (n = 7), enrofloxacin (n = 7) and doxycycline (n = 4). Clostridium difficile was identified in faecal samples from 4 horses, 2 of which died and Salmonella from 3 horses. Conclusions: Results indicated that the prevalence of AAD is low. Any antimicrobial class commonly used in equine practice is a potential cause of equine AAD. Other risk factors, such as opportunistic enteropathogens, may play a part in the development of diarrhoea secondary to antimicrobial usage. Potential relevance: Although the risk of equine AAD is low, this sequela of antimicrobial treatment is possible especially when opportunistic enteropathogens or other risk factors are present. Because drugs from any antimicrobial class can be potentially involved in AAD, clinicians have additional incentive to ensure the judicious use of antimicrobial agents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices

Barr

Waldridge

Morresey

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Antimicrobial therapy was a risk factor for faecal shedding of Salmonella and for development of clinical salmonellosis in some studies (Owen et al 1983;Hird et al 1986;House et al 1999;Ernst et al 2004), but not in another study (Traub-Dargatz et al 1990). Specifically, treatment with potassium penicillin G (House et al 1999) and oxytetracycline (Baker and Leyland 1973) is a risk factor for Salmonella shedding in hospitalised horses. Lincomycin may pose a similar risk, because Salmonella were detected in faeces of 2 ponies that received lincomycin (25 mg/kg bwt once per os), despite having had 8 negative faecal cultures prior to drug administration (Staempfli et al 1992).…”

Section: Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 1: Overview, pathogenesis and risk factors

McGorum

Pirie

2009

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea (AAD) is the most commonly recognised adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses, although its incidence is probably low given the frequency of antimicrobial administration. Clinical signs vary from transient self‐limiting diarrhoea to rapidly fatal toxic enterocolitis. AAD prolongs the duration of hospitalisation, increases diagnostic and therapeutic costs, and was associated with a lower case survival rate than other types of acute diarrhoea in one study. Virtually all antimicrobials have been implicated in AAD, but some pose a greater risk than others.

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“…Severe diarrhoea and fatal colitis have been associated with the use of oxvtetracycline and tetracycline in horses, presumably a conwyence of changes in caecal and colonic flora (Andercson et a1 1971; Baker and Leyland 1973;Cook 1973). In man, the side effects of doxycycline on the gastrointestinal tract, irritation of the stomach and upper intestine and supra-infection, are less pronounced than those of oxytetracycline and tetracycline, because smaller oral doses are needed to achieve therapeutic serum concentrations and because doxycycline is bound in an inactive form in the intestines (Alestig and Lidin-Janson 1975;Bartlett, Bustetter, Gorbach and Oriderdonk 1975;Nord and Heimdahl 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular effects and fatalities associated with intravenous administration of doxycycline to horses and ponies

Riond

Riviere

Duckett

et al. 1992

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Intravenous use of doxycycline in horses is associated with deleterious side effects on the cardiovascular system which may result in fatalities. At dosages and infusion rates used in these studies, supraventricular tachycardia, systemic arterial hypertension, clinical signs of discomfort, collapse and death were observed. Results of the present study suggest that the intravenous use of doxycycline should be avoided in horses.

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Diarrhoea in the horse associated with stress and tetracycline therapy

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices

Antimicrobial‐associated diarrhoea in three equine referral practices

Antimicrobial associated diarrhoea in the horse. Part 1: Overview, pathogenesis and risk factors

Cardiovascular effects and fatalities associated with intravenous administration of doxycycline to horses and ponies

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