Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting

Garrett, Valerie; Ogutu, Paul; Mabonga, P.; Ombeki, Sam; Mwaki, Alex; Aluoch, G.; Phelan, Maureen; Quick, Robert

doi:10.1017/s095026880700026x

Cited by 98 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Diarrhea is generally due to exposure to diarrhea-causing organisms which is mainly found in feaces. The practice of unsafe child feaces disposal contaminates the surrounding environment with human excreta which carries many infectious organisms that can cause enteric diseases such as childhood diarrhea [26][27][28]. This result was consistent with other reports, where environmental sanitations most often linked with the diarrhoea is refuse disposal [29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Nsabimana¹,

Mureithi²,

Habtu³

2017

J Trop Dis

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Nsabimana¹,

Mureithi²,

Habtu³

2017

J Trop Dis

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“…Garrett et al [26] in Kenya showed that Diarrhoea risk was higher among shallow well user which was in accordance with the present study. Different findings were observed by Abdelateef [27], in which tap water in Gaza strip may be contaminated because the per cent of cases drinking tap water are more frequent than those in controls (11.4% in cases, 9.8% in controls).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Bacterial Etiology of Diarrhoeal Disease in Children and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Neupane¹,

Parajuli²,

Bastola³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology of diarrhoeal disease in children and the antibiogram of the isolates. Methods:The study was carried out in Bharatpur Hospital, Chitwan, Nepal form May 2014 to Oct 2014. Stool specimens were collected from children at paedriatic ward aseptically and were processed in the Microbiology laboratory. Each sample was processed macroscopically and microbiologically. The culture of the specimen and identification of the isolates were done as per the standard guidelines and results were interpreted on the basis of different tests. Results:Out of 202 specimens, 84 (42%) samples showed growth and 118 (58%) samples presented no any growth. Highest number of growth was observed in samples from male patients than from female patients. The predominant pathogen was Aeromonas species 33 (12%), followed by NLF E. coli 19 (6.9%), Proteus mirabilis 14 (5.1%). Amikacin (94%) was the most effective antibiotic and the least effective antibiotic was Amoxy-clavulanic acid (6%). In this research, the highest multidrug resistant organism was Aeromonas species. There was significant association between diarrhoea and treatment of water (p<0.05). Conclusion:Thus, bacterial etiology of diarrhoeal disease in children and antibiogram of the isolates were determined, which was found to be an important diagnostic test for the diarroheal patient. From this study, research investigation were shown significant association between diarrhea and treatment of water, hand washing, signs and symptoms like fever, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps. Thus the study might help in the assessment of the current anti-microbial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in diarrheal infection and helps in the formulation of the strategies to reduce the infection rate in Bharatpur Hospital.

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“…Evaluations of these programs in Kenya have shown that use of the SWS was feasible, acceptable, and reduced diarrheal disease risk. [3][4][5] In 2003, Population Services International (PSI), a social marketing non-governmental organization , initiated a campaign to promote and sell the SWS solution, which was given the brand name WaterGuard; each bottle costs approximately $U.S. 0.26 and treats 1000 L of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households—Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007

Blanton

Ombeki²,

Oluoch³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

102

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We installed drinking water and handwashing stations in 17 rural schools and trained teachers to promote water treatment and hygiene to pupils. We gave schools flocculent-disinfectant powder and hypochlorite solution for water treatment. We conducted a baseline water handling survey of pupils' parents from 17 schools and tested stored water for chlorine. We trained teachers and students about hygiene, installed water stations, and distributed instructional comic books to students. We conducted follow-up surveys and chlorine testing at 3 and 13 months. From baseline to 3-month follow-up, parental awareness of the flocculent-disinfectant increased (49–91%, P < 0.0001), awareness of hypochlorite remained high (93–92%), and household use of flocculent-disinfectant (1–7%, P < 0.0001) and hypochlorite (6–13%, P < 0.0001) increased, and were maintained after 13 months. Pupil absentee rates decreased after implementation by 26%. This school-based program resulted in pupil-to-parent knowledge transfer and significant increases in household water treatment practices that were sustained over 1 year.

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Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting

Cited by 98 publications

References 26 publications

Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Factors Contributing to Diarrheal Diseases among Children Less than Five Years in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda

Bacterial Etiology of Diarrhoeal Disease in Children and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Evaluation of the Role of School Children in the Promotion of Point-of-Use Water Treatment and Handwashing in Schools and Households—Nyanza Province, Western Kenya, 2007

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