The monoamine oxidase
enzyme (MAO), which is bound on the membrane
of mitochondria, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous
and exogenous monoamines, including monoamine neurotransmitters such
as serotonin, adrenaline, and dopamine. These enzymes have been proven
to play a significant role in neurodegeneration; thus, they have recently
been researched as prospective therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative
illness treatment and management. MAO inhibitors have already been
marketed as neurodegeneration illness treatments despite their substantial
side effects. Hence, researchers are concentrating on developing
novel molecules with selective and reversible inhibitory properties.
Piperine, which is a phytochemical component present in black pepper,
has been established as a potent MAO inhibitor. Piperine encompasses
a piperidine nucleus with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive,
anticonvulsant, antimalarial, antiviral, and anticancer properties.
The current Review focuses on the structural changes and structure–activity
relationships of piperidine derivatives as MAO inhibitors.