Ahighly enantioselective regiodivergent addition of alkoxyallenes to pyrazolones was developed to affordmultiply functionalizedalkylated products bearing aquaternary carbon stereocenter in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities.One approach is enabled by palladium catalysis,t hus leading to branched allylic pyrazol-5-ones under mild reaction conditions.T he other is catalyzed by ac hiral Brønsted acid to give linear products exclusively.M oreover,t he usefulness of this new method was highlighted by converting the allylic products into other interesting multifunctionalized pyrazolone derivatives whichw ould be of great potential for the exploitation of pharmaceutically important molecules.Exploitation of powerful and practical methodologies towards diverse enantiopure chemicals and potential biopharmaceuticals has always been ap rimary goal in synthetic organic chemistry. [1] Catalytic enantioselective regiodivergent transformations represent the cutting-edge technologies in this field. [2] Multifarious products can be furnished regioselectively from the same set of starting materials by this strategy,t hus providing much more efficient atom/stepeconomical protocols to facilitate chemical synthesis. [3] Despite the blossoming of asymmetric catalysis over the last few decades,t he development of such strategy is still in demand, yet remains af ormidable challenge.P yrazol-5-ones are an important family of five-membered heterocycles which have been known for more than one century and have been studied because of the broad application in drug chemistry. [4, 5] Forexample,the neuroprotective agent bearing aphenzaone core skeleton, synthesized by Ludwig Knorr in 1883, was the first synthetic antipyretic and analgesic drug, [5a,b] and other important pyrazolone-containing pharmaceuticals include antibacterial agents,t he strongest antipyretic drug,a nd p38 inhibitors,etal. [5c-e] As aresult, efficient assembly of afamily of such enantiopure multifunctionalized heterocyclic compounds would be of great importance,y et remains challenging. [6] Herein, we report the success of highly enantioselective regiodivergent additions of pyrazolones and alkoxyallenes. One approach is enabled by palladium catalysis,i nt he absence of any activator,a nd leads to branched allylic pyrazol-5-ones under mild reaction conditions.T he other is catalyzed by ac hiral Brønsted acid which gives linear allylic alkylated products exclusively (Scheme 1c).Alkoxyallenes as useful p-allyl fragment precursors for palladium-catalyzed allylic addition to pronucleophiles has attracted considerable attention from synthetic chemists by virtue of its highly branched regioselectivity and efficient atom economy. [7][8][9][10] Mechanistically,t he generation of ap alladium(II) hydride intermediate by oxidative addition of an ucleophile to the precatalyst palladium(0) complex triggers the reaction, with subsequent hydropalladation of an allene to form an analogous Pd(p-allyl) intermediate which proceeds to the catalytic transformation. Pioneering wo...