Diathermy treatment increases heat shock protein expression in female, but not male skeletal muscle

Touchberry, Chad D.; Le, Tung Thanh; Richmond, Scott R.; Prewitt, Mike; Beck, David L.; Carr, David; Vardiman, Phil; Gallagher, Patricia A.

doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0572-y

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As discussed, shortwave diathermy has been shown to increase HSP expression in human skeletal muscle. 32 However, Touchberry et al 32 did Figure 3. The mean change in temperature at all time points.…”

Section: Hsp70 and Hsp27p:tmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This time was selected based on research indicating HSP expression was induced 24 hours after HT. 32 The HT procedure was performed using a Fluidotherapy 210 full-extremity unit. We evaluated intramuscular temperature with an indwelling thermocouple that we inserted 3 cm into the muscle under local anesthesia.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We visualized and quantified the protein bands using densitometry (Alpha Innotech, San Leandro, CA). 32 Images were normalized for background, and repeated densitometry measurements were averaged for each band of interest. After measuring HSP27P, we stripped and reprobed the membranes to measure the total HSP27 from the samples.…”

Section: Hsp70 and Hsp27p:t Analysis Using Sds-page And Western Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modalities that have been investigated include ultrasound, 30 microwave diathermy, 31 and shortwave diathermy. 32 The HSP induction from ultrasound is likely due to mechanical disruption rather than an increase in temperature. 30 Recently, data have shown that shortwave diathermy, a commonly used therapeutic modality, potentially can induce HSP expression in human tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Recently, data have shown that shortwave diathermy, a commonly used therapeutic modality, potentially can induce HSP expression in human tissue. 32 However, further studies need to be conducted to elucidate the HSP-inducing properties of microwave and shortwave diathermy. Researchers have assumed that another commonly used therapeutic modality, Fluidotherapy (Chattanooga Group, Inc, Hixson, TN), can treat large surface areas, but no one has evaluated its ability to increase intramuscular temperature or to induce HSP expression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramuscular Heating Through Fluidotherapy and Heat Shock Protein Response

Vardiman

Jefferies

Touchberry

et al. 2013

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Therapeutic modalities that can increase intramuscular temperature commonly are used to treat injuries in the clinical setting. Researchers recently have suggested that the physiologic changes occurring during an increase in temperature also could provide a cytoprotective effect for exerciseinduced muscle damage.Objective(s): To determine if the Fluidotherapy treatment increases the inducible expression of heat shock protein (HSP), to identify the rate of heating that occurs in the lower extremity with Fluidotherapy treatment, and to evaluate the relationship between the inducible expression of HSP and temperature.Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Six male (age ¼ 21.67 6 1.63 years, height ¼ 180.09 6 4.83 cm, mass ¼ 87.60 6 10.51 kg) and 6 female (age ¼ 24.60 6 4.59 years, height ¼ 151.05 6 35.76 cm, mass ¼ 55.59 6 14.58 kg) college-aged students.Intervention(s): One lower extremity was randomly selected to receive the heat treatment, and the other extremity received no treatment.Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured intramuscular temperature every 10 minutes, determining peak intramuscular temperature by 2 identical sequential measurements, and we analyzed the time to peak temperature. We analyzed the amount of HSP70 expression and HSP27P:T (ratio of HSP27 to the total HSP27 expression) in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and measured baseline skinfold thickness and estradiol levels.Results: Fluidotherapy increased intramuscular temperature by 5.66 6 0.788C (t 11 ¼ 25.67, P , .001) compared with baseline temperature, with a peak temperature of 39.088C 6 0.398C occurring at 84.17 6 6.69 minutes. We did not find a heat treatment effect for HSP70 or HSP27P:T in the gastrocnemius or soleus muscles (P . .05). Peak temperature and the percentage change of HSP70 were positively correlated for the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (P , .05). We found no other correlations for skinfold thickness, sex, or estradiol levels (P . .05). No effect of sex for skinfold thickness or estradiol levels at baseline was discovered (P . .05).Conclusions: This Fluidotherapy protocol increased the intramuscular temperature to a therapeutic level; however, it did not stimulate inducible HSP70 or HSP27P:T in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles regardless of sex or skinfold thickness. These data confirmed that Fluidotherapy is an effective heating modality but suggested it is not an effective method for stimulating an HSP response in the lower limb.Key Words: heat shock protein 27, heat shock protein 70, exercise-induced muscle damage Key PointsHeat shock protein concentrations did not increase with Fluidotherapy treatment in the lower extremity. Therapeutic levels of temperature within commonly accepted treatment times occurred with Fluidotherapy. Fluidotherapy effectively increased the temperature of extremity tissue.

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Section: Hsp70 and Hsp27p:tmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hsp70 and Hsp27p:t Analysis Using Sds-page And Western Blottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intramuscular Heating Through Fluidotherapy and Heat Shock Protein Response

Vardiman

Jefferies

Touchberry

et al. 2013

Journal of Athletic Training

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Potential Cytoprotective Effects of Heat Shock Proteins to Skeletal Muscle

Vardiman

Gallagher

Siedlik

2015

Heat Shock Proteins

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Turning Up the Heat: An Evaluation of the Evidence for Heating to Promote Exercise Recovery, Muscle Rehabilitation and Adaptation

et al. 2018

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Historically, heat has been used in various clinical and sports rehabilitation settings to treat soft tissue injuries. More recently, interest has emerged in using heat to pre-condition muscle against injury. The aim of this narrative review was to collate information on different types of heat therapy, explain the physiological rationale for heat therapy, and to summarise and evaluate the effects of heat therapy before, during and after muscle injury, immobilisation and strength training. Studies on skeletal muscle cells demonstrate that heat attenuates cellular damage and protein degradation (following in vitro challenges/insults to the cells). Heat also increases the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and upregulates the expression of genes involved in muscle growth and differentiation. In rats, applying heat before and after muscle injury or immobilisation typically reduces cellular damage and muscle atrophy, and promotes more rapid muscle growth/regeneration. In humans, some research has demonstrated benefits of microwave diathermy (and, to a lesser extent, hot water immersion) before exercise for restricting muscle soreness and restoring muscle function after exercise. By contrast, the benefits of applying heat to muscle after exercise are more variable. Animal studies reveal that applying heat during limb immobilisation attenuates muscle atrophy and oxidative stress. Heating muscle may also enhance the benefits of strength training for improving muscle mass in humans. Further research is needed to identify the most effective forms of heat therapy and to investigate the benefits of heat therapy for restricting muscle wasting in the elderly and those individuals recovering from serious injury or illness.

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Diathermy treatment increases heat shock protein expression in female, but not male skeletal muscle

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Intramuscular Heating Through Fluidotherapy and Heat Shock Protein Response

Intramuscular Heating Through Fluidotherapy and Heat Shock Protein Response

Potential Cytoprotective Effects of Heat Shock Proteins to Skeletal Muscle

Turning Up the Heat: An Evaluation of the Evidence for Heating to Promote Exercise Recovery, Muscle Rehabilitation and Adaptation

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