Diatom responses to late Quaternary vegetation and climate change, and to deposition of two tephras in an alpine and a sub-alpine lake in Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Hickman, Michael; Reasoner, Mel A.

doi:10.1007/bf00686864

Cited by 57 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Analyses of fossil communities from alpine and subalpine lakes demonstrate that diatoms are less abundant during historical periods when mountain lakes are above treeline than when treeline exceeds lake elevation (Hickman and Reasoner 1994;Leavitt et al unpubl. data).…”

Section: 000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on periphyton in an alpine lake

Vinebrooke

Leavitt

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

115

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Many alpine lakes have low concentrations of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-absorbing dissolved organic matter, yet receive higher UV radiation flux than low-elevation lakes. We tested whether ambient UV radiation affected periphyton development in a small alpine lake in Banff National Park, Canada. After 30 d, total periphytic biomass and chlorophyll accrual on artificial substrates were enhanced -100% (t-test, P < 0.05) by removal of UV radiation (~400 nm). The inhibitory effect of UV radiation was species-specific, significantly suppressing (Bonferroni-adjusted t-test, P < 0.05) Achnanthes minutissima Kiitzing but not other colonists. Although taxa apparently differed in their sensitivity to UV radiation, periphyton communities remained dominated by early successional taxa, especially A. minutissima (75% of total biovolume). In contrast, natural epilithic communities were dominated by cyanobacteria (Anabaena subcylindrica Borge, Calothrix sp.). These findings suggest that ambient UV radiation at alpine sites can suppress periphyton development by inhibiting littoral diatom production during the short ice-free season (July-September).

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Section: 000mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on periphyton in an alpine lake

Vinebrooke

Leavitt

1996

Limnology & Oceanography

115

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“…Additionally, tephra deposition in lakes and peatlands can alter the diatom community composition and diatom abundance (Harper et al, 1986;Hickman and Reasoner, 1994;Lotter et al, 1995), though not always (Telford et al, 2004). Tephra input can induce a change in water chemistry, causing altered diatom growth and/or preservation (for a review see Harper et al, 1986).…”

Section: Implications For Palaeoecological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If dissolving glass (or mineral grain) in a tephra releases Si in a similar way to BSi during dissolution in alkaline solutions, it has the potential to make interpretation of Si Alk difficult, since a change will not uniquely represent a change in environmental conditions but also perhaps periods of volcanic activity. Additionally, because of their often rapid dissolution, glass, pumice, and other constituents in tephra can potentially induce elevated DSi concentrations in lakes, causing shifts in phytoplankton communities (Lotter et al, 1995;Hickman and Reasoner, 1994). Such a shift in the sedimentary record may be incorrectly ascribed to a change in environmental conditions providing a secondary indirect pathway to biased interpretations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Biogenic silica (BSi) is used as a proxy by soil scientists to identify biological effects on the Si cycle and by palaeoecologists to study environmental changes. Alkaline extractions are typically used to measure BSi in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. The dissolution properties of volcanic glass in tephra deposits and their nanocrystalline weathering products are hypothesized to overlap those of BSi; however, data to support this behaviour are lacking. The potential that Si-bearing fractions dissolve in alkaline media (Si Alk ) that do not necessarily correspond to BSi brings the applicability of BSi as a proxy into question. Here, analysis of 15 samples reported as tephra-containing allows us to reject the hypothesis that tephra constituents produce an identical dissolution signal to that of BSi during alkaline extraction. We found that dissolution of volcanic glass shards is incomplete during alkaline dissolution. Simultaneous measurement of Al and Si used here during alkaline dissolution provides an important parameter to enable us to separate glass shard dissolution from dissolution of BSi and other Si-bearing fractions. The contribution from volcanic glass shards (between 0.2 and 4 wt % SiO 2 ), the main constituent of distal tephra, during alkaline dissolution can be substantial depending on the total Si Alk . Hence, soils and lake sediments with low BSi concentrations are highly sensitive to the additional dissolution from tephra constituents and its weathering products. We advise evaluation of the potential for volcanic or other non-biogenic contributions for all types of studies using BSi as an environmental proxy.

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“…They found that the diversity and accumulation rates of some taxa of both terrestrial vegetation and diatoms, at some sites, were affected after tephra deposition. Hickman and Reasoner (1994) examined diatom remains in Mary and Opabin lakes, Yoho National Park, British Columbia, and observed that tephra deposition had a great effect on diatom production, but less effect on diversity. Hebda (1995) suggested middle Holocene diatom blooms may have resulted from the deposition of volcanic ash.…”

Section: Influence Of the Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basin lithology and the chemical composition of the tephra also may interact, thereby regulating the nature of the biotic change or, in the case of diatoms, preservation (Hickman and Reasoner, 1994). reviewed the chironomid paleoecological literature, and noted that studies by Boubée (1983) and Tsukada (1967) were particularly interesting with regard to the possible impacts of tephra.…”

Section: Influence Of the Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene chironomid-inferred salinity and paleovegetation reconstruction from Kilpoola Lake, British Columbia

Heinrichs¹,

Walker²,

Mathewes³

et al. 2002

gpq

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AbstractSalinity fluctuations in lakes of semi-arid regions have been recognised as indicators of paleoclimatic change and have provided a valuable line of evidence in paleoclimatic reconstruction. However, factors other than climate, including sedimentologic events, may also affect salinity. At Kilpoola Lake, early postglacial freshwater chironomids (Microtendipes,Sergentia, andHeterotrissocladius) occur in the basal sediments and yield a chironomid-inferred salinity of <0.03 g/l. Higher salinities, ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 g/l, withCricotopus/OrthocladiusandTanypus(chironomids typical of saline environments) follow and, persist for most of the remainder of the Holocene. An inferred 450% salinity increase (from 1.6 to 7.3 g/l) occurred in the sediment above the Mount Mazama tephra, followed by a return to the pre-Mount Mazama salinity. The early Holocene pollen spectra are typical of open steppe, but the post-MazamaArtemisiapollen percentages are exceptionally high and are associated with silty clays. Pollen spectra following thisArtemisiapeak represent steppe communities and are consistent with regional trends. We suggest that the changes in chironomid communities and vegetation after deposition of the Mazama ash do not reflect a rapid shift to warmer or drier climate and evaporation, but rather an increased ionic concentration due to solutes derived from the freshly deposited tephra and perhaps in- washed silts and clays.

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Diatom responses to late Quaternary vegetation and climate change, and to deposition of two tephras in an alpine and a sub-alpine lake in Yoho National Park, British Columbia

Cited by 57 publications

References 46 publications

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on periphyton in an alpine lake

Effects of ultraviolet radiation on periphyton in an alpine lake

The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies

Holocene chironomid-inferred salinity and paleovegetation reconstruction from Kilpoola Lake, British Columbia

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