Diatoms and dinoflagellates macroscopic regularities shaped by intrinsic physical forcing variability in Patagonian and Fuegian fjords and channels (48°–56°S)

The trouble with stress: A flexible method for the evaluation of nonmetric multidimensional scaling

“…Our brief survey of the NMDS literature (see below) found that almost every article reported ordination stress values, while virtually none of the manuscripts mentioned the use of any other criteria to evaluate ordination fit. While a small number of these studies did present ordinations with stress values greater than 0.20, such examples were infrequent (Clarke and Warwick ; Olsgard and Gray ; Paredes et al ; Gutow et al ), and in some cases authors explicitly stated that they had taken steps to avoid crossing this threshold. For example Eallonardo and Leopold () stated that “Community composition data were [shown by] plot scores from two‐axis NMDS analyses (except for the P. australis community which required three axes to achieve an NMDS stress level less than 20)”.…”

Winter distribution of toxic, potentially toxic phytoplankton, and shellfish toxins in fjords and channels of the Aysen region, Chile

“…This is suggested by results reported for sectors of the Magellanes region, the southernmost region of Chile (e.g., Pizarro et al, 2011Pizarro et al, , 2015. This is an aspect, not yet been evaluated, that needs to be incorporated in the studies carried out since they have to do with the interannual variability observed in microalgae distribution, c) the effects of freshwater fronts, produced by existing river and glacier discharges acting as walls or barriers to containment and physical accumulation, probably affecting important biological aspects, such as physiology, and microalgae life cycles, especially for dinoflagellates, another aspect not been evaluated at the spatial mesoscale level, d) mixotrophic capacity of dinoflagellates, unlike diatoms, in environments with high levels of dissolved organic matter (autochthonous and allochthonous), especially during winter (Pizarro et al, 2005), characteristic of southern fjords, channels and embayments ecosystems of Chile, an aspect that has not been evaluated as a factor favoring dinoflagellates persistence during the winter period, as well as their influence on the proliferation of others dinoflagellates species that follow diatom summer blooms or events of high seasonal primary production (Aracena et al, 2011(Aracena et al, , 2015Paredes et al, 2014).…”

Oceanographic Processes in Chilean Fjords of Patagonia: From small to large-scale studies

“…Distributions of harmful algal blooms (HABs, such as Chaetoceros convolutus, Alexandrium catenella), known for their significant impact on aquaculture and human health and environmental issues, represent major research challenges in coastal waters of the entire Patagonia marine ecosystem. The approaches used by Paredes et al (2014) allow us to conclude the importance of extrinsic environmental factors (nitrate, temperature) to explain the regional spatial scale of microphytoplankton groups, while toxic dinoflagellate species dynamics may be related to changes in the composition of microphytoplankton community at smaller spatial scales.…”