Diatoms as a biotechnological resource for the sustainable biofuel production: a state-of-the-art review

Modern Advancement in Biotechnological Applications for Wastewater Treatment through Microalgae: a Review

“…Hence, various studies have been designed in finding the best possible alternative to reduce and replace fossil fuels by the employment of economically renewable energy sources such as biofuels. However, the production of biofuels from crops and plants is not advisable as this will result in food scarcity so the microalgae containing a high amount of lipids are being utilized for the production of biofuels as they do not utilize the arable land and are being produced in mass for very low cost (Sun et al, 2018;Dhanker et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022). One of the major disadvantages associated with the use of microalgae for biofuel production was the low concentration of lipids in cell mass.…”

“…Microscopic algae are generally photosynthetic eukaryotes that have the potential to be produced in mass with the least amount of investment (Banerjee et al, 2023). These microalgae have been utilized for the same reason as a tool for the removal of various contaminants from the environment (Dhanker & Tiwari, 2021;Dhanker et al, 2022;Mathew et al, 2022). The wastewater treatment by these microbes results in the decreased COD (chemical oxygen demand) (Paddock et al, 2020) of the treated sewage, and this effluent sewage later used for biogas production has shown a 25% increase in methane gas production (Vassalle et al, 2020;Srimongkol et al, 2022).…”

Biomass and eicosapentaenoic acid production from Amphora sp. under different environmental and nutritional conditions

“…A total of five investigations were designed in this research. All the experiments were conducted at one factor a time, beginning with the introduction of different environmental factors such as incubator shaker agitation speeds (100, 130, and 160 rpm), light intensity (20, 27, and 34 µmol/m 2 /s), photoperiod (8,16, and 24 h) on the phototrophic cultivation of Amphora sp., followed by three main nutritional factors including glucose concentration (5,10,15,20, and 25 g/L), sucrose concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/L), and silicate concentration (50, 67, and 75 mg/L), the last on the heterotrophic cultivation of Amphora sp. Optimized variables would be brought forward to the subsequent experiments in all the above studies.…”

“…8 Despite the fact that benthic diatoms account for roughly 60% of other microalgal strains responsible for biofuel production and their capability to convert up to 85% of their total dry weight into lipid stocks, it is still a common phenomenon to observe the trade-off between microalgae rapid growth and high lipid content, which is typically contradictory and difficult to achieve at the same time. 9,10 Optimization was usually performed during cell growth stage first, followed by lipid accumulation stage separately via stressed culture conditions. For example, optimized growth of Amphora subtropica at pH 9, 21:3 light/dark cycle, and 31 • C which was then cultivated under increasing salinity from 1 to 2 M showed an increased lipid content from 220 to 350 g/kg and carotenoids from 1.8 to 2.3 pg/cell.…”