Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Genus Eunotia and Pinnularia developing on Soils in the Open Landscape of the Low Beskids

Abstract

In the areas of medium mountains, including the landscape of the Low Beskids, turf communities guarantee the biodiversity increasing the value of open landscape and protecting soil from erosion. The aim of this study was to show the diversity of the diatom communities from the Eunotia and Pinnularia genera developing on soils under the conditions of varied landscape use (meadows, pastures, fallow lands). The research was carried out within the catchment area of the Ryjak stream in the Magura National Park, together with the buffer zone at three sites. The water content varied in the studied soils with fluctuating moisture content depending on the season and the research year. On the other hand, the pH values indicated high acidification of the studied soils. The diatomaceous analysis showed numerous occurrences of the Eunotia (12 taxa) and Pinnularia (18 taxa) genera. The acid pH of the soil undoubtedly favored the development of diatoms of these genera. Most species of the Eunotia and Pinnularia genera usually developed individually, except for Pinnularia borealis Ehrenberg and P. obscura Krasske. They are typically soil species; therefore, they often dominated in the material and occurred in most of the research seasons. Apart from cosmopolitan diatoms, rare or endangered taxa from the Red List of the algae in Poland (Siemińska et al. 2006) were also found on soils. Four species belonged to the endangered category (E): Eunotia botuliformis F. Wild, Nörpel & Lange-Bert., Pinnularia nodosa (Ehrenberg) Smith, P. schoenfelderi and P. viridiformis Krammer. Canonical analysis (CCA) demonstrated a rather low statistical significance of the impact of environmental parameters (pH and humidity) on the differentiation of diatom communities. It only confirmed the fact that diatoms develop better in the environment with permanent or at least periodic moisture, compared to the dry habitats.

Diatoms in Volcanic Soils of Mutnovsky and Gorely Volcanoes (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia)

“…The identification of species was conducted using relevant references [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ] and recent publications [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ]. For descriptions of the ecology of species, standard flora and related literature data were used [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ].…”

“…A1. List of diatom taxa with the relative abundance and ecological preferences * [71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79] in the volcanic soils of Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes. Notes.…”

Diatoms in Kamchatka’s Hot Spring Soils

“…The diatoms from the genus Eunotia prefer soft and acidic water bodies [41]. Eunotia curtagrunowii has also been recorded in soils in the Low Beskids, Poland [47], and it may inhabit the soils near the thermal springs that we studied. Odontidium hyemale has been found in the Tovare rheocrenic spring in the Brenta mountain range in the Western Dolomites [62].…”

“…For species identification, relevant references [30][31][32][33][34] and recent publications [35][36][37][38][39] were used. For descriptions of the ecology of species, standard flora and related literature were used [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

“…List of diatom taxa with the relative abundance and ecological preferences *[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] in the Malki Upper Paratunka and Dachnie thermal springs.…”