Dicamba in lysimeter runoff and percolation water

Glass, Robert L.; Edwards, William M.

doi:10.1021/jf60224a069

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Other reports of clopyralid (24,25) and dicamba (22,23,26) concentrations in leachate at depths of g50 cm following spring herbicide application are also consistent with our observations. In addition, previous studies showed that leaching to depths of >50 cm accounted for <1% of the mass of dicamba applied in spring to conventionally tilled soil (23,27).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Whereas we observed no detectable mecoprop in leachate following spring application, others have reported low concentrations of mecoprop in leachate following spring application (17). Other reports of clopyralid (24,25) and dicamba (22,23,26) concentrations in leachate at depths of g50 cm following spring herbicide application are also consistent with our observations. In addition, previous studies showed that leaching to depths of >50 cm accounted for <1% of the mass of dicamba applied in spring to conventionally tilled soil (23,27).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Lysimeter studies conducted in Sweden demonstrated similar trends: clopyralid was detected in only one leachate sample following spring application, when significant rainfall occurred after a dry period . Leaching of dicamba >6 months after spring application has also been observed previously , .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Sakaliene

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Information regarding pesticide mobility is critical for the evaluation of pesticide management practices. Lysimeters have been used worldwide to assess the transport and plant uptake of solutes under relevant moisture regimes and crop production practices. We used repacked field lysimeters to evaluate the leaching and plant uptake of the herbicides pendimethalin, clopyralid, mecoprop (MCPP), and dicamba following fall and spring application to soil cropped to winter rye (Secale cereale L.). In most fall and spring trials, mass loss of herbicide through leaching was <3% of the amount applied. On the basis of this 6 year experiment, it appears that clopyralid is the most mobile of the tested herbicides in this soil, followed by dicamba, mecoprop, and pendimethalin. None of the herbicides was present in rye grain or straw at concentrations that exceed current E.U. or U.S. tolerances.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Sakaliene

Papiernik

Koskinen

et al. 2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Applying a nitrification inhibitor with urea reduced leaching loss of N0 1 by 25% compared with no inhibitor. The rate of leaching of herbicides has also been measured in a Coshocton lysimeter (Glass and Edwards, 1979).…”

Section: Surface Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Field Research on Water and Environmental Quality

Menzel

1991

Agronomy Journal

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Maintaining the quality of soil, water, and air presently has a high national priority, and is particularly important for agriculture. The deterioration of environmental quality, in most respects, has proceeded almost imperceptibly. Long‐term research is required to study effects that change slowly with time, such as contamination of groundwater, or that depend upon infrequent weather events, such as water erosion of soil. Much environmental quality research involves long‐term measurements of runoff and soil erosion because these are the dominant mechanisms for transporting nutrients and pesticides to rivers and lakes. Water and environmental quality studies are being made at sites ranging from small field plots to large watersheds and experimental lakes. Effects of acid rain are being studied mainly at watershed and lake sites. There has been little long‐term groundwater quality research on agricultural areas, but a major investigation of nitrate and pesticide movement is getting under way. Long‐term field research is essential to confirm and refine the predictions derived from environmental models.

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Soil Column Leaching of Pesticides

Katagi

2012

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 221

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In this review, I address the practical and theoretical aspects of pesticide soil mobility.I also address the methods used to measure mobility, and the factors that influence it, and I summarize the data that have been published on the column leaching of pesticides.Pesticides that enter the unsaturated soil profile are transported downwards by the water flux, and are adsorbed, desorbed, and/or degraded as they pass through the soil. The rate of passage of a pesticide through the soil depends on the properties of the pesticide, the properties of the soil and the prevailing environmental conditions.Because large amounts of many different pesticides are used around the world, they and their degradates may sometimes contaminate groundwater at unacceptable levels.It is for this reason that assessing the transport behavior and soil mobility of pesticides before they are sold into commerce is important and is one indispensable element that regulators use to assess probable pesticide safety. Both elementary soil column leaching and sophisticated outdoor lysimeter studies are performed to measure the leaching potential for pesticides; the latter approach more reliably reflects probable field behavior, but the former is useful to initially profile a pesticide for soil mobility potential.Soil is physically heterogeneous. The structure of soil varies both vertically and laterally, and this variability affects the complex flow of water through the soil profile, making it difficult to predict with accuracy. In addition, macropores exist in soils and further add to the complexity of how water flow occurs. The degree to which soil is tilled, the density of vegetation on the surface, and the type and amounts of organic soil amendments that are added to soil further affect the movement rate of water through soil, the character of soil adsorption sites and the microbial populations that exist in the soil. Parameters that most influence the rate of pesticide mobility in soil are persistence (DT50) of the pesticide, and its sorption/desorption(Koc) characteristics. These parameters may vary for the same pesticide from geographic site-to-site and with soil depth. The interactions that normally occur between pesticides and dissolved organic matter (DOM) or WDC are yet other factors that may complicate pesticide leaching behavior.The soil mobility of pesticides is normally tested both in the laboratory and in the field. Lab studies are initially performed to give researchers a preliminary appraisal of the relative mobility of a pesticide. Later, field lysimeter studies can be performed to provide more natural leaching conditions that emulate the actual field use pattern. Lysimeter studies give the most reliable information on the leaching behavior of a pesticide under field conditions, but these studies are time-consuming and expensive and cannot be performed everywhere. It is for this reason that the laboratory soil column leaching approach is commonly utilized to profile the mobility of a pesticide,and appraise how it behaves in diffe...

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Dicamba in lysimeter runoff and percolation water

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Using Lysimeters To Evaluate the Relative Mobility and Plant Uptake of Four Herbicides in a Rye Production System

Long‐Term Field Research on Water and Environmental Quality

Soil Column Leaching of Pesticides

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