Dichotomy of the human T cell response to <i>Leishmania</i> antigens. I. Th1-like response to <i>Leishmania major</i> promastigote antigens in individuals recovered from cutaneous leishmaniasis

Kemp, Michael; Hey, Adam; Kurtzhals, Jørgen A. L.; Ristensen, C. B. V. Ch; Gaafar, Ameera; Mustafa, Muhammad; Kordofani, A. A. Y.; Ismail, Ahmed; Kharazmi, Arsalan; Theander, Thor G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06043.x

Cited by 76 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Thus the response to gp63 in visceral leishmaniasis may be characterized as Th2-like. In eutaneous leishmaniasis a strong Thl-like response to this antigen was demonstrated [7] and anti-gp63 antibodies seemed to be absent (25]. The different response to gp63 in the two diseases may reflect immune meehanisms of importance for the different elinieal patterns, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral blood mononuctear cetis (PBMC) were isotated and cryopreserved as described [7] from 17 cured viscerat teishmaniasis patients from Kenya and nine Danes without exposure to Leishmania. Alt patients had a confirmed diagnosis of L. (/o/wvfl/n infection and had been treated with Pentostam I 6 (median 2) years before blood sampling.…”

Section: Donors and Isolation Of Peripheral Blood Mononuciear Cells Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFN-7 was measured by ELISA in supernalants of the cultures used for the proliferation assay [12]. lL-4 was measured in supernatants of parallel cultures which following 6 days ofantigen stimulation were pulsed for 24h with ionomycin and PMA [7,13]. The assays were calibrated to delect IFN--> within the range of I -66 U/m!…”

Section: Proliferation and Cytokine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crude promastigote antigen was prepared by a difierent method than the /.. major preparation u.scd in the accompanying study [7]. No response was induced by any of the other Leishmania antigens.…”

Section: T Cell Responies In Pbmc From Daniih Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these mice specific T helper cells belonging to the IL-4-producingTh2 subset suppress a proteetive response by interferon-gamma (IFN--y)-producing Thl cells and fail to controi the infection, which disseminates, eventually kilting the mice [1,21. In human visceral leishmaniasis Indirect evidence suggests that a Th2 response predominates as well. There is marked hyperglobulinaemia caused by potyclonat B cell activation [3], etevated levels of IL-4 [4], and suppression of T celt reactivity to Lei.shmania antigens [5,6] The accompanying study [7] demonstrated a Thl response to Leishmania antigens in patients recovered from cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study describes T cell proliferation and cytokine production in visceral leishmaniasis patients cured by antimonial treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dichotomy of the human T cell response to Leishmania antigens. II. Absent or Th2-like response to gp63 and Thl-like response to lipophosphoglycan- associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients

Kurtzhals¹,

Hey²,

Jardim

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARY The T cell response to different Leishmania donovani aniigens was investigated using peripheral blood mononuciear cells (PBMC) from Kenyans cured of visceral leishmaniasis and non‐exposed Danes. Crude promastigote and amastigote antigens both induced proliferation and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production in PBMC from cured patients, while cells from non‐exposed donors gave weak responses. A similar pattern was indticed by lipophosphoglycan‐associated protein (LPGAP). By contrast, the major surface protease of Leishmania. gp63, induced only a weak proliferative response without IFN‐γ production in five of 17 samples from cured patients. Four of the five responding cultures produced IL‐4, i.e. the response to this antigen was of the Th2 type. Furthermore, sera from acutely ill visceral leishmaniasis patients contained high levels of IgG antibodies to gp63. The Th2‐tike response to gp63 in patients cured of visceral leishmaniasis differs from the Thl‐like response to the same antigen observed in patients cured of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Donors and Isolation Of Peripheral Blood Mononuciear Cells Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proliferation and Cytokine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T Cell Responies In Pbmc From Daniih Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dichotomy of the human T cell response to Leishmania antigens. II. Absent or Th2-like response to gp63 and Thl-like response to lipophosphoglycan- associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients

Kurtzhals¹,

Hey²,

Jardim

et al. 1994

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Immunopathology of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): T-cell phenotypes and cytokine profile

et al. 1999

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In Sudan, post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) caused by Leishmania donovani develops in half of the patients treated for visceral leishmaniasis (kala‐azar). In most patients lesions heal spontaneously, but in others symptoms are severe and persist for years. This study examined the immunological response in lesions of PKDL patients by immunohistochemistry and compared the findings with results obtained using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In all lesions, parasites or parasite antigen were present and provoked the formation of an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. In patients who had high interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) responses to Leishmania antigen in vitro, compact epithelioid granulomas were formed. The inflammatory cells were mainly CD3+ and interleukin‐10 (IL10) was the most prominent cytokine in the lesions. However, IFNγ was found in all and IL4 in most lesions, in varying amounts. PBMCs from all patients responded to Leishmania antigen by IFNγ production or proliferation. The results indicate that PKDL develops as a result of an influx of immunocompetent cells into skin, which harbours parasites. The inflammatory response to the parasites is complex. It involves several cell types and cytokines, of which some are antagonistic. It is conceivable that the balance between these cytokines determines the outcome of the disease. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Understanding Human Leishmaniasis:The Need for an Integrated Approach

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Bucheton

Kamhawi

et al. 2006

Encyclopedia of Infectious Diseases

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is 12 million people. Most of the affected countries are in the tropics and subtropics: more than 90% of the world's cases of visceral leishmaniasis are in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, and Brazil (Fig. 6.2), 90% of all cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (Fig. 6.3) occur in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru, whereas 90% of all cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (Fig. 6.3) occur in Afghanistan, Brazil, Iran, Peru, Saudi Arabia, and Syria (for further detail, see http://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/). The Players in LeishmaniasisLeishmania parasites are responsible for cutaneous forms as well as visceral forms of the disease. Healing or progression of this infection is related to the genetic and immune status of the host, the virulence and pathogenicity of different species and strains of Leishmania, and the vector involved. The hosts can be humans but also rodents, dogs, and other mammals [16,307], and great diversity of immune response exists depending on the host considered (see Section 6.4 for details). Similarly, within 500 known phlebotomine species, only 31 have been positively identified as vectors of the Leishmania pathogenic species and 43 as probable vectors [181]. Among them, some vectors such as Phlebotomus Phlebotomus papatasi and P. Paraphlebotomus sergenti can only be 87

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Dichotomy of the human T cell response to Leishmania antigens. I. Th1-like response to Leishmania major promastigote antigens in individuals recovered from cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 76 publications

References 34 publications

Dichotomy of the human T cell response to Leishmania antigens. II. Absent or Th2-like response to gp63 and Thl-like response to lipophosphoglycan- associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients

Dichotomy of the human T cell response to Leishmania antigens. II. Absent or Th2-like response to gp63 and Thl-like response to lipophosphoglycan- associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients

Immunopathology of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL): T-cell phenotypes and cytokine profile

Understanding Human Leishmaniasis:The Need for an Integrated Approach

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