The impact of economic shocks was an important topic of current debate during 2021 as Britain experienced the COVID-19 lockdown as well as the beginning of rising inflation and energy price increases. These themes were also present in the literature published that year, which addressed the impact of shifts in which terms of trade and policy responses to currency and other economic pressures were dominant features. The context of the renegotiation of Britain's economic relations with other nations and an increasingly diverse society were other common areas of study, incorporating both the influence of European integration on business and consumer taste as well as the impacts of decolonization and Commonwealth immigration.An analysis of long-term patterns of inflation was developed by Forbes et al., who found that a 'trendy' (p. 23) rather than more prescriptive approach was beneficial to understanding the complex factors which have shaped the value of sterling over time. They concluded that given the nature of Britain's comparatively open economy and dependency on imports and monetary flows, international prices and exchange rates have been the dominant factor that explain Britain's inflation dynamics in recent decades. Bahmani-Oskooee and Karamelikli's research on bilateral trading relationships between Britain and eurozone economies found that exchange rate fluctuations had divergent effects on the trade balance. Nevertheless, sterling depreciation was broadly negative for the UK's position. In a paper published in the Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Bahmani-Oskooee et al. concluded that between 1996 and 2018, short-run exchange rate effects in terms of dollar-pound volatility had an observable impact on trade across a large range of industries. These statistical studies were complemented by archival research on shifts in monetary policy. Butkiewicz and Ohlmacher's Economic History Review paper used new evidence from the Nixon White House tapes to better understand responses to the currency crisis that led to the end of the Bretton Woods system. It found British requests for support against the impact of dollar devaluation on sterling impacted discussions and shaped Nixon's choice to impose wageprice controls as part of a distraction from the realities of a devaluation through shifts in the dollar exchange rate. Aliber's paper on the summit Nixon hosted at Camp David in August 1971 indicates that Nixon had hoped to alter exchange rates to favour American exports, but in fact, devaluation only led to an influx of foreign purchases of US securities, contributing to the United States subsequently becoming the world's largest debtor.