Did the Arab Spring change female emancipation perceptions?

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to investigate whether perceptions about female workplace participation in a number of Arab countries has changed during or after the Arab Spring. Design/methodology/approach Data are from the representative harmonized cross-sectional World Values Survey. Descriptive measures and regression approaches are applied. Different dimensions of perceptions about female emancipation are presented, while also a composite index derived from these dimensions is analysed. Findings There was some change for the better (job and education gender equality), but not uniformly across countries, e.g. generally good development in Egypt and Iraq, but a standstill in Jordan, and backsliding was seen in Morocco. Applying the composite index of female emancipation using regressions confirm these results – even when male and female respondents are analysed separately. Research limitations/implications More Arab nations in the study would have been good such that the extent and consequences for an even larger part of the Arab world could be presented. Unfortunately, these data are not available. This implies that the representativeness of the results for the whole of the Arab world is perhaps reduced. Practical implications The results can inform policymakers and non-governmental organizations, etc., regarding areas where more focus is needed such that women’s rights will not merely be statements on paper but also mean that females are also emancipated in practice. Originality/value New evidence is presented based on comparable data for Arab nations analysing the possible effects of the Arab Spring on perceptions about female emancipation.

Determinants of Consumer Intention to Purchase Fair Trade Products in the Middle East: Does Gender Matter?

“…They also prioritize social goals like building and maintaining relationships within groups and the community, whereas males may place less emphasis on social affiliations (Clark et al, 2019; Costa Pinto et al, 2014). In Middle Eastern culture, gender roles are strongly shaped by religious beliefs and cultural norms (Hussain & Haj-Salem, 2023). Females are expected to be selfless and community-oriented, as they take primary responsibility for raising kids and maintaining family and group units (Alserhan & Alserhan, 2012).…”