Did the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent inactivated vaccines increase the risk for Guillain–Barré syndrome?

Salmon, Daniel A.; Vellozzi, Claudia; Chen, Robert T.; Halsey, Neal A.

doi:10.1586/1744666x.2013.824686

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Reports of narcolepsy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and demyelinating neuropathies have been previously reported with H1N1 and hepatitis B vaccines. [27][28][29] The principal mechanisms linked to such occurrences involve molecular mimicry and immune cross-reactivity in genetically predisposed individuals following exposure to vaccines. [3] Even for COVID-19 vaccines, similar pathophysiological mechanisms of molecular mimicry have been proposed with Is the case described with sufficient details to allow other investigators to replicate the research or to allow practitioners make inferences related to their own practice?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune‐mediated liver injury (ILI) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination is not well‐characterized. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature on ILI after COVID‐19 vaccination. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Ovid, Embase, and gray literature to include articles describing ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination. Reports without confirmatory evidence from liver biopsy were excluded. Descriptive analysis, and study quality were reported as appropriate. Of the 1,048 articles found, 13 (good/fair quality; 23 patients) were included. Studies were primarily from Europe ( n = 8), America ( n = 2), Asia ( n = 2), or Australia ( n = 1). Patients were predominantly females (62.5%) of age 55.3 years (49.1–61.4), with an antecedent exposure to Moderna messenger RNA (mRNA)–1273 (47.8%), Pfizer‐BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA (39.2%), or ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine (13%). Pre‐existing comorbidities (69.6%) were common, including liver disease in 26.1% and thyroid disorders in 13% of patients. About two‐thirds of the patients were on concurrent medications (paracetamol, levothyroxine, statins, and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs). Jaundice was the most common symptom (78.3%). Peak bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 10.8 (6.8–14.8) mg/dl, 1,106.5 (757.0–1,702.5) U/L, and 229 (174.6–259.6) U/L, respectively. Histological findings were intense portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with interface hepatitis. Steroids were used in 86.9% of patients, and complete response, recovering course, and death were reported in 56.5%, 39.1%, and 4.3% of patients, respectively. ILI following COVID‐19 vaccination is rare. The diagnosis is established on temporal correlation, biochemical findings, and histopathology. Prognosis is excellent with corticosteroids. Causality establishment remains a challenge.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data obtained of more than 70 million vaccinated subjects, from over 10 countries, were analyzed and revealed a 2-3-fold increased risk of GBS in the 42 days following recipient of the 2009 influenza vaccines. 47 The authors pointed out that despite the undeniable added risk, these numbers confer to an excess of 1-3 GBS cases per one million persons vaccinated. Since this risk is much smaller than the estimated risk of GBS following influenza illness, they concurred that vaccination is justified.…”

Section: Narcolepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-induced autoimmunity: the role of molecular mimicry and immune crossreaction

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the early 1800s vaccines have saved numerous lives by preventing lethal infections. However, during the past two decades, there has been growing awareness of possible adverse events associated with vaccinations, cultivating heated debates and leading to significant fluctuations in vaccination rates. It is therefore pertinent for the scientific community to seriously address public concern of adverse effects of vaccines to regain public trust in these important medical interventions. Such adverse reactions to vaccines may be viewed as a result of the interaction between susceptibility of the vaccinated subject and various vaccine components. Among the implicated mechanisms for these reactions is molecular mimicry. Molecular mimicry refers to a significant similarity between certain pathogenic elements contained in the vaccine and specific human proteins. This similarity may lead to immune crossreactivity, wherein the reaction of the immune system towards the pathogenic antigens may harm the similar human proteins, essentially causing autoimmune disease. In this review, we address the concept of molecular mimicry and its application in explaining post vaccination autoimmune phenomena. We further review the principal examples of the influenza, hepatitis B, and human papilloma virus vaccines, all suspected to induce autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. Finally, we refer to possible implications on the potential future development of better, safer vaccines.

show abstract

“…Indeed, so far, a causal relationship has been identified in only the following circumstances with respect to neurological syndromes: a) the occurrence of Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) after swine influenza (A/New Jersey/76) vaccine in 1976–1977 and, to a lesser extent, after pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines and b) the occurrence of type 1 narcolepsy after 2009 European Pandemrix-AS03-adjuvanted A (H1N1) pandemic vaccine. In both cases, the most likely mechanism involved was molecular mimicry related to cross-reacting antibodies against peripheral nerve gangliosides or hypocretin II receptor, respectively ( Nachamkin et al, 2008 ; Salmon et al, 2013 ; Luo et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute myelitis and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: Casual or causal association?

Vegezzi

Ravaglia²,

Buongarzone

et al. 2021

Journal of Neuroimmunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 44-year-old previously healthy woman developed acute myelitis in close temporal relationship with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine first-dose administration. The neurological involvement was mainly sensory with neuroimaging showing two mono-metameric lesions involving the posterior and lateral cord at dorsal level. Significant improvement was promptly recorded with high-dose intravenous steroids, with complete recovery within one month. The strict temporal relationship between vaccination and myelitis, together with the absence of clues pointing to alternative diagnoses, might suggest a conceivable role for anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine as immunological trigger, although a causal relationship has yet to be established and our preliminary observation suggests caution.

show abstract

Did the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent inactivated vaccines increase the risk for Guillain–Barré syndrome?

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review

Immune‐mediated liver injury following COVID‐19 vaccination: A systematic review

Vaccine-induced autoimmunity: the role of molecular mimicry and immune crossreaction

Acute myelitis and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine: Casual or causal association?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About