Die Anatomie des menschlichen Auges

Eisler, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-92495-8_1

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 466 publications

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“…Eisler (1930) published a case in which a 15 mm long muscular band split off the dorsal part of the superior rectus muscle. The anomalous muscle continued its course lateral to the optic nerve and finally joined the terminal part of the inferior rectus muscle.…”

Section: Anomalies Of Ocular Rectus Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, anatomical anomalies such as accessory or supernumerary rectus muscles are described rather rarely in the literature (Whitnall, 1911(Whitnall, , 1921Eisler, 1930;Lang, 1979). With the use of modern imaging procedures such as CT scanning and MRI and their contrast edge enhancing mode or soft tissue reconstruction mode (Tadmor and New, 1978;Langer et al, 1987;Ellis et al, 1991;Weir and Abrahams, 1997), distinct variations and anomalies may be revealed which can pose special problems in diagnostics; these may lead to inadvertent and false positive results, and consequently to incorrect considerations and actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral supernumerary rectus muscles of the orbit

Lüdinghausen

1998

Clin. Anat.

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A bilateral anomaly of the rectus muscles and a unilateral variation of the levator palpebrae muscle were found in the right and left orbits of an 84‐year‐old man. The anomaly was in the form of a supernumerary rectus muscle lying on a sagittal orientation between the optic nerve and lateral rectus muscle (in the right orbit) and adjacent to the inferior rectus muscle (in the left orbit). In each orbit the anomalous muscle originated occipitally from the common tendinous ring and frontally—near the eyeball—joined the terminal part of the inferior rectus. On its superior margin the anomalous muscle had, in the right orbit, a broad (4 mm), and in the left orbit a slender (2 mm) muscular bridge to the superior rectus muscle. Because of their connection to the superior rectus and their innervation by N.III the accessory orbital muscles are not deemed to be vestiges of the retractor bulbi muscle which, with the exception of the primates, is a typical occurrence in vertebrates and is always innervated by N.VI. Our anomalous orbital muscle must be explained as a supernumerary rectus muscle. A further variation occurred in the right orbit: an isolated medial part or belly of the levator palpebrae muscle (the so‐called M. gracillimus). In primates this variation is known as a remnant of the membrana nictitans (third eyelid of the amniotes). Ignorance of anomalies in the orbital muscles may lead to confusion and error in diagnostic identification and surgical exposure. Clin. Anat. 11:271–277, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Anomalies Of Ocular Rectus Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral supernumerary rectus muscles of the orbit

Lüdinghausen

1998

Clin. Anat.

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“…The size of the central avascular area is variable (Eisler, 1930). Lowenstein (1942) and Yeoung (1973) demonstrated a capillary-free area which measured 0 165 to 0 07 mm respectively.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perifoveal vasculature in albinism.

Gregor¹

1978

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…As early as 18G8 (8) glistening crystals of cholesterol were observed in human cataractous lenses. This observation led to a few investigations only (7,10,19) to obtain quantitative data on cholesterol content.…”

Section: L Kahan and Z Yassmentioning

confidence: 99%