Die Brunstdiagnose beim Rind

Holtz, W.; Meinhardt, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0531.1993.tb01007.x

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…As a result many authors came to the conclusion that problems concerning prolonged intervals to first insemination, leading to prolonged calving intervals, were more due to management problems than to intrinsic cow problems (Caudle et al, 1982;Harrison et al, 1990). Although a lot of efforts have been done since that time in order to optimize heat detection (Lehrer et al, 1992;Holtz and Meinhardt, 1993), many herdsmen still complain not seeing their cows in heat at the desired time after calving. In this context, there is during the last two decades, together with the enormous increase in daily milk production, a growing interest for the impact of metabolic stress on the early postpartal ovarian activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

Opsomer

Coryn

Deluyker

et al. 1998

Reprod Domestic Animals

178

124

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

Opsomer

Coryn

Deluyker

et al. 1998

Reprod Domestic Animals

178

124

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“…In addition, significant research progress has been made in monitoring cows with electronics, biosensors, and computers [20]. All these systems have some efficacy, but standing oestrus remains the best predictor for the time of ovulation [21].…”

Section: Duration Of Oestrus and The Interval From Oestrus To Ovulati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interval from Oestrus to Ovulation in Dairy Cows—A Key Factor for Insemination Time: A Review

De Rensis,

Dall’Olio,

Gnemmi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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This review describes the oestrus-to-ovulation interval, the possibility of predicting the time of ovulation, and the optimum time for insemination relative to oestrus in dairy cows. The duration of oestrus in dairy cows is approximately 8–20 h, with differences possibly related to the methods of oestrus detection and the frequency of observations. Most cows ovulate approximately 24–33 h after the onset of oestrus and 15–22 h after the end of oestrus. The interval from the preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge to ovulation is approximately 4–30 h. Ovulation occurs when follicle diameter averages 18–20 mm. When it is possible to correctly determine the beginning of oestrus, artificial insemination can be performed utilizing the “a.m.–p.m. rule”, and only one insemination may be applied. In cows with too long or too short oestrus-to-ovulation intervals, fertility can be compromised. One important factor that can alter the oestrus-to-ovulation interval is acute or chronic heat stress during the warm season. When there is a risk that insemination may occur too early or too late with respect to the time of ovulation, GnRH administration can be considered.

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“…The length and intensity of estrus behaviors can differ in dairy cattle (Holtz and Meinhardt, 1993). This variation in estrus expression can be caused by various internal and external factors.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Estrus Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of correlation between estrus behavior and estradiol concentrations during estrus

Kumro¹

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Estrus traits have economic value in dairy production systems and can potentially be incorporated into genomic selection. Three studies were performed to further understand selection responses. Study one and two explored the relationship between rump touches and number of steps during estrus. Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 1197; Study 1) across five pasture-based grazing dairy herds were fitted with a capacitive touch sensing (CTS) device on the rump (FlashMate; Farmshed Labs Limited, Hamilton, NZ). The number of times touched and the sum of the touch duration were used to compare farms and estimate the intra-class correlation (repeatability). For Study 2, postpartum Holstein (n = 85) and Guernsey (n = 5) cows in a confinement-style dairy were used. Cows were fitted with an IceQube accelerometer (IceRobotics Ltd., Edinburgh, UK) to measure steps taken per hour and a CTS device was applied to both rumps. The inter-class correlation for the number of rump touches and number of steps taken during estrus was calculated. Study 1 had an intra-class correlation (repeatability) for rump touches during estrus was approximately 0.2. For Study 2, the number of steps and the number of rump touches during estrus increased in a synchronous manner. The inter-class correlation (r) for rump touches and steps was approximately 0.45. Experiment 3 focused on the association between circulating concentrations of estradiol and overt phenotypes for estrus [greater activity and (or) rump touches (mounts, chinrests, etc.)] that can be easily observed on farm. We also tested the effect of lactation on the estrus traits that we measured. Cows (n = 11 lactating and n = 9 nonlactating) were treated with PGF2[alpha] to synchronize estrus. The jugular vein was cannulated to collect blood every 2 h for plasma estradiol measurement. Plasma LH was measured during the periestrual period to determine the time of the LH surge. Cows were fitted with an IceQube accelerometer to measure activity (steps per h) and a CTS to measure the number of rump touches and total touch time. The correlation between plasma estradiol concentrations and overt signs of estrus ranges from near 0 for a cow coming into estrus to [greater than] 0.5 for a cow going out of estrus. Lactating cows had shorter estrus periods because the interval from the onset of estrus activity to the LH surge was shorter. Selection for a longer estrus period (based on activity) could potentially increase the interval from the onset of activity to the LH surge and provide for a longer estrus. In conclusion, the repeatability for rump touches during estrus was approximately 0.2 and this suggests that the maximum heritability for this estrus trait is 20 [percent]. Selection for the number of rump touches during estrus, therefore, should increase overt signs of estrus that include rump touches in dairy cows. The correlation between rump touches and the number of steps taken during estrus was 0.45. Selecting cows for increased activity should increase the number of rump touches (mounts, chin rests, etc.) because based on the correlation at least 20 [percent] (r[superscript 2]) of the variation in the number of steps was explained by the estrus cow walking in response to other cows interacting with her rump. Likewise, selecting cows for rump touches at estrus using a CTS device (or similar) should increase the number of steps during estrus. These data can be used to support large-scale phenotyping projects of cows with known genotypes to perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that can be used to identify genetic makers for estrus expression. These genetic markers for estrus expression can be incorporated into genetic selection indices to improve estrus expression in dairy cows.

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Die Brunstdiagnose beim Rind

Cited by 14 publications

References 102 publications

An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

An Analysis of Ovarian Dysfunction in High Yielding Dairy Cows After Calving Based on Progesterone Profiles

Interval from Oestrus to Ovulation in Dairy Cows—A Key Factor for Insemination Time: A Review

Estimates of correlation between estrus behavior and estradiol concentrations during estrus

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