Die Entdeckung einiger biologischer Wirkungen von Stickstoffmonoxid und seiner Rolle für die Zellkommunikation (Nobel-Vortrag)

Murad, Ferid

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990712)111:13/14<1976::aid-ange1976>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 56 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…The discovery of the nitrogen monoxide (•NO; commonly called nitric oxide) did not only surprise, because it proved to be a radical—it also is a gas. The history has been reviewed by Salvador Moncada [ 255 ], Ferid Murad [ 256 ], Louis Ignarro [ 257 ], Robert Furchgott (1916–2009) [ 258 , 259 ] and Wilhelm Koppenol [ 260 ]. It started with the therapeutic use of nitro-vasodilators in the 19th century.…”

Section: The Biological Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology

Flohé

2020

Antioxidants

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The beginnings of redox biology are recalled with special emphasis on formation, metabolism and function of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in mammalian systems. The review covers the early history of heme peroxidases and the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide, the discovery of selenium as integral part of glutathione peroxidases, which expanded the scope of the field to other hydroperoxides including lipid hydroperoxides, the discovery of superoxide dismutases and superoxide radicals in biological systems and their role in host defense, tissue damage, metabolic regulation and signaling, the identification of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor as the nitrogen monoxide radical (more commonly named nitric oxide) and its physiological and pathological implications. The article highlights the perception of hydrogen peroxide and other hydroperoxides as signaling molecules, which marks the beginning of the flourishing fields of redox regulation and redox signaling. Final comments describe the development of the redox language. In the 18th and 19th century, it was highly individualized and hard to translate into modern terminology. In the 20th century, the redox language co-developed with the chemical terminology and became clearer. More recently, the introduction and inflationary use of poorly defined terms has unfortunately impaired the understanding of redox events in biological systems.

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Section: The Biological Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology

Flohé

2020

Antioxidants

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Novel NO Biosensor Based on the Surface Derivatization of GaAs by “Hinged” Iron porphyrins

Ashkenasy

Shvarts³

et al. 2000

Angewandte Chemie

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Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in biology as a mediator, for example, of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)Ðan agent responsible for the regulation of blood vessel relaxation and for the maintenance of blood pressure. [1] Concentrations of 30 to 300 ppm of NO (1 ppm % 3.3 Â 10 À5 m) are sufficient to activate the guanylyl cyclase signaling cascade. [2] Since NO is a gaseous and highly reactive species, its direct detection at low concentrations is difficult. The methods used to sense NO have generally been based on following changes in the UV/Vis spectra or electrochemical properties of the sensing elements. [3] Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and NMR image visualization of the distributions of NO free radicals in vivo were also reported, but were found to be limited by spatial resolution and sample size. [4,5] We report here a novel approach for the direct detection of low concentrations of NO free radicals in physiological aqueous solution (pH 7.4).The Molecular Controlled Semiconductor Resistor (MOCSER; see reference [6]) provides an excellent way toThe use of this spin-trap for the in vivo detection of NO is more problematic because of the presence of reducing agents: when 2 was treated with ascorbic acid and the reaction monitored by EPR spectrocopy, the typical spectrum of 9 e (Scheme 2 where X OH, Y 1 Y 2 H) immediately appeared and then decayed, but, as expected, at a much lower rate. [8] However, it is possible to distinguish between the NO adducts and 9 e by combining different analytical methods such as mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, [7] (for 9 a and 9 b) and probably by high-field EPR spectroscopy. [15] Analogously other spin-labeled spin-traps may be used to study the reactions of a radical R T with reactive radicals. [16]

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Direct Detection of Low-Concentration NO in Physiological Solutions by a New GaAs-Based Sensor

Gräf

Naaman

et al. 2001

Chem. Eur. J.

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Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signal molecule in the nervous system, as a defense against infections, as a regulator of blood pressure, and as a gate keeper of blood flow to different organs. In vivo, it is thought to have a lifetime of a few seconds. Therefore, its direct detection at low concentrations is difficult. We report on a new type of hybrid, organic-semiconductor, electronic sensor that makes detection of nitric oxide in physiological solution possible. The mode of action of the device is described to explain how its electrical resistivity changes as a result of NO binding to a layer of native hemin molecules. These molecules are self-assembled on a GaAs surface to which they are attached through a carboxylate binding group. The new sensor provides a fast and simple method for directly detecting NO at concentrations down to 1 microM in physiological aqueous (pH=7.4) solution at room temperature.

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Die Entdeckung einiger biologischer Wirkungen von Stickstoffmonoxid und seiner Rolle für die Zellkommunikation (Nobel-Vortrag)

Cited by 56 publications

References 44 publications

Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology

Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology

Novel NO Biosensor Based on the Surface Derivatization of GaAs by “Hinged” Iron porphyrins

Direct Detection of Low-Concentration NO in Physiological Solutions by a New GaAs-Based Sensor

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