Die Fauna der miozänen Spaltenfüllung von Neudorf a. d. March (ČSR.)

Zapfe, Helmuth

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-26267-2

Cited by 22 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Pliopithecus and Paracolobus both overlap with the ceboids and acrobatic arboreal cer-copithecoids in relative width of the infraspinous fossa neck, agreeing with interpretations of arboreal quadrupedalism as the locomotor repertoires of these species (Zapfe, 1960;Birchette, 1982). A. afarensis falls among the apes, suggesting significant shoulder mobility.…”

Section: Log Lateral Expansion Lengthsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In addition, the variables described above were examined on casts of associated humeri and scapulae of Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1L and R) (Johanson et al, 19821, Pliopithecus vindobonensis (Ind. 11) (Zapfe, 1960), and Paracolobus chemeroni (KNM-BC3 H and F) (Birchette, 1982). The locomotor habits of these taxa have been analyzed by a variety of researchers and they are included in this study more to demonstrate the applicability of the traits described here to fossil material than to provide new analyses of these specimens.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri

Larson

1995

American J Phys Anthropol

125

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The study of muscle function in nonhuman primates through the technique of electromyography (EMG) has facilitated the identification of specific functional roles for muscles in particular behaviors. This has led to a more complete understanding of the biomechanics of certain regions of the musculoskeletal system, and should facilitate our ability to identify morphological features useful in the functional interpretation of fossil material. The current paper represents one such investigation of a new set of morphometric characters of the scapula and proximal humerus suggested by EMG analyses of shoulder muscle function. A set of new metric variables were examined on the scapulae and proximal humeri of 25 species of extant anthropoid primates, as well as on casts of scapulae and humeri of three fossil primate taxa. The variables are primarily related to the line of action and attachments of the rotator cuff muscles. The position of the scapular spine, the degree of lateral expansion of the subscapular fossa, the size and shape of the subscapularis insertion facet on the lesser tubercle, and the orientation of the infraspinatus insertion facet on the greater tubercle all appear to successfully sort the extant taxa into locomotor groups. Their appearance on the fossil specimens generally supports previous functional interpretations of each taxon's locomotor abilities based on a variety of other characters, suggesting that these traits are equally applicable to fossil material.

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Section: Log Lateral Expansion Lengthsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri

Larson

1995

American J Phys Anthropol

125

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“…Anthropologists and other morphologists have traditionally measured torsion on osteological specimens as the medial reorientation of the humeral head from a primitive condition of facing directly posteriorly, using the axis of the distal articular surface as a reference (e.g., Evans and Krahl, 1945;Krahl and Evans, 1945;Le Gros Clark and Thomas, 1951;Zapfe, 1960;Larson, 1996; see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Measuring Humeral Torsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humeral torsion and throwing proficiency in early human evolution

Larson

2015

Journal of Human Evolution

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BackgroundIn their recent paper, "Clavicle length, throwing performance and the reconstruction of the Homo erectus shoulder," Roach and Richmond (2015) test the hypothesis that relative clavicular length predicts scapular position and explore whether or not variation in relative clavicular length in a sample of modern humans from northwestern Kenya is correlated to throwing performance. Since the impetus to undertake these analyses is in part based on supposed claims I have made in my research on hominin shoulder evolution, I feel compelled to correct some misrepresentations they make of my work. The shoulder of H. erectusThe references I have made to relative clavicular length in my investigation of hominin shoulder evolution (Larson et al.

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“…3) and in lacking deep fissures, prominent dorsal processes and subungual processes ( Fig. 1G-I; Table 1) (Coombs, 1978(Coombs, , 1983Zapfe, 1979;Anquetin et al, 2007). In addition, the ungual phalanx of Litolophus has well-developed distal angles and a shallow proximal articular surface for the phalanx 2, whereas the claw of derived chalicotheres lacks distal angles and has a conspicuous curved (Sisson et al, 1975), are laterally placed in the ungual phalanges of Litolophus, probably in association with the proximodistal shortening of the bones.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Early Eocene ChalicothereLitolophuswith hoof-like unguals

Bai

Wang

Meng

2011

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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The herbivorous Chalicotheriidae from Oligocene to Pleistocene are unique among perissodactyls in possessing claws rather than hooves (Coombs, 1983). The ungual phalanges of early chalicotheres, however, were almost unknown previously due to a sparse fossil record. Lucas and Schoch (1989) briefly mentioned that the Eocene chalicothere Grangeria canina possesses deep, narrow, and shallow fissured claws, but did not provide any more descriptions or illustrations. Recently, new specimens of the early Eocene chalicothere Litolophus gobiensis, including unguals and other parts of multiple skeletons, were unearthed from the Arshanto Formation in the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia, China (Meng et al., 2007;Bai et al., 2010;Wang et al., 2010). The Litolophus assemblage was caused by a catastrophic event, and L. gobiensis, represented by at least 24 individuals, was the most abundant larger mammal in the quarry (Bai et al., 2011). The species retains a tetradactyl hand with functional phalanges from digit II to digit V, which is a plesiomorphic character among perissodactyls. Phylogenetic analysis shows that L. gobiensis was a primitive member of the clade and basal to all other known chalicotheres apart from earliest Eocene forms . These new materials shed light on the ungual evolution of chalicotheres. MATERIALS AND METHODSThirty isolated ungual phalanges are preserved in the assemblage, but most of them are immature and susceptible to breakage (IVPP V 16187.1-21). The material includes two mature unguals of digit III (V 16187.1-2), 12 mature and/or immature unguals of digit II (V 16187.3-14), five unguals of digit IV (V 16187.15-19), two immature unguals of manus digit V (V 16187.20-21), and nine unguals indeterminate to digit (V 16187.22-30). An immature right articulated pes of L. gobiensis preserves the ungual phalanges of digits II through IV (V 16200).Institutional Abbreviation-IVPP, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.Anatomical Abbreviations-da, distal angle; dp, dorsal process; lf, lateral foramen; mf, medial foramen; sn, sagittal notch; sp, subungual process; vf, volar foramen; ph2f, phalanx 2 facet. MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION Ungual Phalanx of Digit IIIAn ungual phalanx of digit III (V 16187.1) referred to a mature pes is well preserved. The proximal facet for phalanx 2 is rectangular in outline, wider than high, concave dorsoventrally, and divided by a rather weak median ridge into two nearly equal portions (Fig. 1A).The proximal border of the dorsal surface is slightly arched (Fig. 1B), and most of the dorsal surface is rough and porous. The distally placed sagittal notch is short and shallow, similar to * Corresponding author. a trough cutting the dorsodistal portion of the bone. A large dorsal foramen is located on either side of the sagittal notch, near the distal margin. The distal angles are prominent and pointed at the ends, whereas proximal angles are absent.The dorsal part of the distal end is covered by irregular foramina or grooves, except...

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Die Fauna der miozänen Spaltenfüllung von Neudorf a. d. March (ČSR.)

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri

New characters for the functional interpretation of primate scapulae and proximal humeri

Humeral torsion and throwing proficiency in early human evolution

Early Eocene ChalicothereLitolophuswith hoof-like unguals

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