Die Glykoside von Pachypodium lealii WELWITSCH und Pachypodium saundersii N. E. BR. Glykoside und Aglykone, 262. Mitteilung

Abstract

Die Gattung Pachypodium (Apocynaceae) ist im siidlichen Afrika und in Madagaskar heimisch und umfasst vorwiegend succulente Steppengewachse von teilweise respektablen Ausmassen. Thonner [2] gibt erst 10 Arten, wahrend PICHON [3] deren 20 auffuhrt. Abbildungen von P. lealii WELW. und P. namaquanurn WELW. geben WATT & BREYER-BRANDWIJK [4], p. 92-93, Abbildung von P. saundersii vgl. Fig. 1, eine weitere Abbildung von P. ZeaZii vgl, Fig. 2. Einige sollen als Bitterstoffe (Bereitung von Bier) [4] benutzt werden und P. Zealii2) sol1 fur die Bereitung eines Pfeilgiftes verwendet worden sein [4] (51, das ein stark digitalisartig wirksames Herzgift (( Pachypodiin)) enthiilt. HELLY [5] beschreibt aber nur die Wirkung des fcrtigen, aus l) Auszug aus Diss. URS MEYER, Basel 1964. -Die Zahlen in eckigen Klammern vcrweisen auf das ?) I(. HELLY [5] spricht von P. Sealzz (ohne Autornamcn), was cine Verwcchslung mit P. Zealzi Literaturverzeichnis, S. 2356. WELWITSCH sein diirfte. 2331 Volumen 47, Fasciculus 8 (1964) -No. 257

Toxicity of the spiny thick‐foot Pachypodium

“…Early research on Pachypodium was equivocal about the presence of alkaloids (Abisch and Reichstein, 1960), and our preliminary analyses using Dragendorff reagent were negative for alkaloids. However, early work suggested the possibility of cardiac glycosides or related compounds with properties similar to Digitalis (Helly, 1905;Meyer et al, 1964). Our preliminary observations were positive for Na + /K + -ATPase inhibition and HPLC peaks with absorbance measured at 220 nm, and thus we focus here on cardiac glycosides.…”

“…Some 50 yr later, Reichstein's steroid chemistry lab evaluated several Pachypodium spp. (Abisch and Reichstein, 1960;Meyer et al, 1964). Although lactones as well as traces of alkaloids were reported from Pachypodium spp., the authors concluded that cardenolides may be absent.…”

“…have long been of interest to horticulturalists, relatively little scientific study has been conducted on these iconic plants beyond their systematics and habitat associations (Lee, 1912;Röösli, 1996, 1999;Rapanarivo et al, 1999;Rowley, 1999;Luthy, 2004;El-Kashef et al, 2015). We were interested in the toxicity of Pachypodium spp., due to suggestions in the literature that they possess potent chemistry and their use on poison arrows by native African societies (Helly, 1905;Meyer et al, 1964;Hoffman and Bigger, 1980;Neuwinger, 1998;El-Kashef et al, 2014). Given the geographically isolated diversification of this genus, we were particularly interested in evolutionary drivers of toxicity and the potential for novel chemical defenses to emerge that may have diverged from the classic coevolutionary compounds of the Apocynaceae (Malcolm, 1991;Agrawal et al, 2012).…”