Die Kämpfe únd schláchten—the struggles and battles of innate-like effector T lymphocytes with microbes

Joyce, Sebastian; Okoye, G Donald; Driver, John P.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117825

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 269 publications

(328 reference statements)

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“…Upon examination of T and NK cell subsets by signaling pathway enrichment tests, CD8αα T cells emerged as particularly reactive to IAV infection, altering a wider range of immune networks than peripheral or resident conventional T cell subtypes, notably cytokine and acute phase response signaling pathways. This ability to deploy diverse effector responses soon after infection is typical of innate-like T cells which specialize in quickly sensing their local environment and transmitting those signals to downstream innate and adaptive effector cells to elicit antimicrobial protection (108).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell sequencing of pig lungs reveals immune responses underlying influenza infection and oseltamivir therapy

de Carvalho Madrid,

Gu,

Warren

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Despite pigs being an important species in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology and a reliable model of human IAV infections, many aspects of the porcine pulmonary immune system remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the single cell landscape of lung leukocytes of healthy pigs and then compared them to pigs infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1 IAV with or without oseltamivir antiviral therapy. Our data show conserved features as well as species-specific differences in cell types and cell states compared to human and mouse lung leukocytes. IAV infection induced a robust antiviral transcriptional response in multiple lymphoid and myeloid cell types, as well as distinct patterns of cell-cell cross talk. Oseltamivir treatment reduced these responses. Together our findings describe key events in the pulmonary anti-IAV response of pigs that open new avenues to develop IAV vaccines and therapies. They should also enable the better use of pigs as a model for human IAV infection and immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single cell sequencing of pig lungs reveals immune responses underlying influenza infection and oseltamivir therapy

de Carvalho Madrid,

Gu,

Warren

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Several authors have previously meticulously compiled comprehensive tables summarizing the multifaceted roles of MAIT cells in various infections ( 3 , 52 , 53 ).…”

Section: Mait Cells During Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in cancer: dual roles, complex interactions and therapeutic potential

Yigit,

Basoglu,

Unutmaz

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play diverse roles in cancer, infectious diseases, and immunotherapy. This review explores their intricate involvement in cancer, from early detection to their dual functions in promoting inflammation and mediating anti-tumor responses. Within the solid tumor microenvironment (TME), MAIT cells can acquire an ‘exhausted’ state and secrete tumor-promoting cytokines. On the other hand, MAIT cells are highly cytotoxic, and there is evidence that they may have an anti-tumor immune response. The frequency of MAIT cells and their subsets has also been shown to have prognostic value in several cancer types. Recent innovative approaches, such as programming MAIT cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), provide a novel and exciting approach to utilizing these cells in cell-based cancer immunotherapy. Because MAIT cells have a restricted T cell receptor (TCR) and recognize a common antigen, this also mitigates potential graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and opens the possibility of using allogeneic MAIT cells as off-the-shelf cell therapies in cancer. Additionally, we outline the interactions of MAIT cells with the microbiome and their critical role in infectious diseases and how this may impact the tumor responses of these cells. Understanding these complex roles can lead to novel therapeutic strategies harnessing the targeting capabilities of MAIT cells.

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Adjuvant Use of the Invariant-Natural-Killer-T-Cell Agonist α-Galactosylceramide Leads to Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza-Vaccinated Pigs

Artiaga,

Madden,

Kwon

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are glycolipid-reactive T cells with potent immunoregulatory properties. iNKT cells activated with the marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), provide a universal source of T-cell help that has shown considerable promise for a wide array of therapeutic applications. This includes harnessing iNKT-cell-mediated immune responses to adjuvant whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccines. An important concern with WIV vaccines is that under certain circumstances, they are capable of triggering vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). This immunopathological phenomenon can arise after immunization with an oil-in-water (OIW) adjuvanted WIV vaccine, followed by infection with a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase mismatched challenge virus. This elicits antibodies (Abs) that bind immunodominant epitopes in the HA2 region of the heterologous virus, which purportedly causes enhanced virus fusion activity to the host cell and increased infection. Here, we show that αGC can induce severe VAERD in pigs. However, instead of stimulating high concentrations of HA2 Abs, αGC elicits high concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting cells both in the lungs and systemically. Additionally, we found that VAERD mediated by iNKT cells results in distinct cytokine profiles and altered adaptation of the challenge virus following infection compared to an OIW adjuvant. Overall, these results provide a cautionary note about considering the formulation of WIV vaccines with iNKT-cell agonists as a potential strategy to modulate antigen-specific immunity.

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Die Kämpfe únd schláchten—the struggles and battles of innate-like effector T lymphocytes with microbes

Cited by 4 publications

References 269 publications

Single cell sequencing of pig lungs reveals immune responses underlying influenza infection and oseltamivir therapy

Single cell sequencing of pig lungs reveals immune responses underlying influenza infection and oseltamivir therapy

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in cancer: dual roles, complex interactions and therapeutic potential

Adjuvant Use of the Invariant-Natural-Killer-T-Cell Agonist α-Galactosylceramide Leads to Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza-Vaccinated Pigs

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