Die Leitungsbahnen Im Gehirn Und Rückenmark

Bechterew, W. v.

doi:10.1097/00005053-189907000-00027

Cited by 99 publications

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“…Gudden (1881) also reported that the tractus peduncularis transversus degenerated after contralateral eye enucleation in young animals. It was Bechterew (1894) who first described the main terminus for the AOS fibers, the nucleus tractus peduncularis transversus. Subsequently, the terms tractus peduncularis transversus and nucleus tractus peduncularis transversus (Anglicized to transpeduncular tract and nucleus of the transpeduncular tract) remained in common usage up until the 1960's, although several different names were applied to this tract and nucleus over the years, e.g., posterior accessory optic tract and nucleus of the posterior accessory optic tract, basal optic root and nucleus of the basal optic root, tractus opticus basalis and nucleus tractus opticus basalis, and tractus opticus tegmenti and nucleus tractus opticus tegmenti (the interested reader should consult papers dealing with the period 1881-1960, e.g., Gillilan, 1941;Le Gros Clark, 1942;Giolli, 1961Giolli, , 1963Giolli et al,1968;and Mai, 1978).…”

Section: Topography and Nomenclature (Figs 1a-c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

143

123

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The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective, and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well-characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. This chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition. The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. The present chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition.

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Section: Topography and Nomenclature (Figs 1a-c)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

143

123

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“…supratrochlearis (Olszewski and Baxter 1954)isDRdisDRlisDRvisDRWDRD/DRV/DRW-DRVL/DRL (Steinbusch 1981; Diaz-Cintra et al 1981; Agnati et al 1982; Paxinos and Franklin 2007; Abrams et al 2004)B6r1DRdr1DRvr1DRWCaudal linear n. (CLi) (Castaldi 1923; Steinbuch and Nieuwenhuys 1985; Jacobs and Azmitia 1992)B8Caudal linear n. (Is)CLiLinear intermediate n. (Brown 1943; Taber et al 1960)Caudal linear wing n. (Is)CLiWn. pontis oralis, pars rostralis (Jacobs et al 1984; Azmitia and Gannon 1986; Hornung and Fritschy 1988; Törk and Hornung 1990)Central superior raphe n. (CS) (Bechterew 1899; Olszewski and Baxter 1954; Taber et al 1960; Valverde 1962)Median raphe nn.r1Mnrr1MncMedian raphe n. (Jacobs and Azmitia 1992; Paxinos and Franklin 2007; Paxinos and Watson 2007)n. linearis caudalis (Brown 1943)Prepontine raphe nn.(r2)PPnRCaudal portion of the central superior raphe n. Vertes et al 1999 Supralemniscal n. (SuL) (Törk 1990; Jacobs and Azmitia 1992; Vertes and Crane 1997)B9Supralemniscal raphe nn.r1SuLr2SuLr3SuLCaudal portion of the pontis oralis n. (Törk and Hornung 1990; Hornung 2003)Raphe pontis n. (PnR) (Olszewski and Baxter 1954; Taber et al 1960; Valverde 1962; Steinbusch 1981; Törk and Hornung 1990; Harding et al 2004)B5Pontine raphe nn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the serotonergic cells in murine raphe nuclei and their relations with rhombomeric domains

et al. 2012

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The raphe nuclei represent the origin of central serotonergic projections. The literature distinguishes seven nuclei grouped into rostral and caudal clusters relative to the pons. The boundaries of these nuclei have not been defined precisely enough, particularly with regard to developmental units, notably hindbrain rhombomeres. We hold that a developmental point of view considering rhombomeres may explain observed differences in connectivity and function. There are twelve rhombomeres characterized by particular genetic profiles, and each develops between one and four distinct serotonergic populations. We have studied the distribution of the conventional seven raphe nuclei among these twelve units. To this aim, we correlated 5-HT-immunoreacted neurons with rhombomeric boundary landmarks in sagittal mouse brain sections at different developmental stages. Furthermore, we performed a partial genoarchitectonic analysis of the developing raphe nuclei, mapping all known serotonergic differentiation markers, and compared these results, jointly with others found in the literature, with our map of serotonin-containing populations, in order to examine regional variations in correspondence. Examples of regionally selective gene patterns were identified. As a result, we produced a rhombomeric classification of some 45 serotonergic populations, and suggested a corresponding modified terminology. Only a minor rostral part of the dorsal raphe nucleus lies in the midbrain. Some serotonergic neurons were found in rhombomere 4, contrary to the conventional assumption that it lacks such neurons. We expect that our reclassification of raphe nuclei may be useful for causal analysis of their differential molecular specification, as well as for studies of differential connectivity and function.

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“…However, it seems to be generally agreed that the substantia nigra in animals and man is related to the cerebral cortex, in that it receives fibers from various cortical areas (Muratoff, 1893;Mirto, 1896;Schukowski, 1897, Bechterew, 1899Mellus, 1899;Jurman, '00;Dejerine, '01;Beevor and Horsley, '02;Minkowski, '23, '24a, b;D'Hollander and Rubbens, '26;Kodama, '26a, b;Hirasawa and Kato, '35;Mettler, '35a, b, '47;Hirasawa and Kariya, '36;Kariya, '36;Levin, '36;Uchishima. '36;Rundles and Papez, '37;Kato, '38;Igarasi, '40;Verhaart and Kennard, '40;Cooper, '46;Krieg, '47;Beck, '50;Kanki and Ban, '52;Haartsen, '62).…”

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confidence: 99%

The cortico‐nigral projection in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods

Rinvik

1966

J of Comparative Neurology

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Following lesions of various parts of the cerebral cortex in cats the terminal distribution of cortico-nigral fibers has been studied by means of silver impregnation methods. A modest number of cortico-nigral fibers have been traced from the gyrus proreus, the "supplementary motor" area, the "primary sensory-motor" area and the "secondary sensory" area. Lesions of the remaining regions of the cerebral cortex did not give rise to terminal degeneration in the substantia nigra. The number of cortico-nigral fibers was considerably less than expected from the data available in the literature.The cortico-nigral projection system is chiefly homolateral. A few crossed corticonigral fibers were found following lesions of the gyrus proreus or the "supplementary motor" area. The majority of the corticofugal fibers from these two cortical regions and the "secondary sensory" area terminate on the somata or the proximal dendrites of the cells in the nigra complex. Following lesions of the "primary sensorymotor" area of the cerebral cortex, terminal degenerating fibers were only seen in the neuropi1 of the substantia nigra. The findings are discussed briefly.The substantia nigra is a nuclear complex whose afferent and efferent fiber connections have been a matter of controversy and dispute for decades. However, it seems to be generally agreed that the substantia nigra in animals and man is related to the cerebral cortex, in that it receives fibers from various cortical areas (Muratoff,

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Die Leitungsbahnen Im Gehirn Und Rückenmark

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Development of the serotonergic cells in murine raphe nuclei and their relations with rhombomeric domains

The cortico‐nigral projection in the cat an experimental study with silver impregnation methods

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