Die Lufttemperatur als limitierender Faktor für die Schwärmaktivität zweier rindenbrütender Fichtenborkenkäferarten,lps typographus L. undPityogenes chalcographus L. (Col., Scolytidae)

PHENIPS—A comprehensive phenology model of Ips typographus (L.) (Col., Scolytinae) as a tool for hazard rating of bark beetle infestation

“…As a comprehensive model for simulating the phenology of I. typographus, PHENIPS can be used to estimate brood development, to predict the onset of spring swarming and tree infestation, and to estimate the development of sister broods and the number of generations that can be completed prior to hibernation. The observed onset of spring swarming and flight activity of I. typographus in the study area confirmed the temperature threshold of 16.5 8C for flight activity (Lobinger, 1994). After chilling during hibernation, diapause is terminated and followed by a quiescence stage until the temperature rises and ovarian development can proceed (Doležal and Sehnal, 2003).…”

Modelling infestation risk of Norway spruce by Ips typographus (L.) in the Lower Saxon Harz Mountains (Germany)

“…This is why warm south-facing stands and stand perimeters are preferred by swarming I. typographus in spring. Flight activity has an upper threshold of 30°C air temperature (Lobinger, 1994). Hence, the second beetle generation in summer often finds optimum conditions for breeding on shadowed slopes and stand interiors, whereas temperature in south-facing stands and stand perimeters tends to exceed optimal breeding conditions (Habermann, 2005;NW-FVA, 2009).…”

Seasonal flight patterns of Ips typographus in southern Sweden and thermal sums required for emergence

“…The start date was considered to be the first day, during that week, when the maximum temperature exceeded 16°C, i.e. the flight initiation threshold (Lobinger, 1994), or if there were no such days, the day with the highest daily maximum temperature during that week. The correlation between expected flight date according to thermal requirements and measured date for flight initiation was tested using regression analyses run in the Minitab 15 statistical software ® (Inc., State College, PA).…”