Die Netzhaut (Retina)

Kolmer, W.; Lauber, Hans

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-21655-2_10

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This method is particularly useful for demonstrating, in retinas spread flat (whole mounts), very large ganglion cells (e.g. SCHAPER, 1899) or mammalian horizontal cells and their long axons (KOLMER, 1936). Some elements, such as the centrifugal fibers ( Fig.…”

Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not clear, however, that the quality of their preparations allowed them to distinguish degenerating fibers from other processes. In methylene blue preparations of human retina, KOLMER (1936) observed some processes suggestive of centrifugal fibers. POLYAK (1941) saw apparently centrifugal fibers in some Golgi preparations of chimpanzee but not of other primates, and BOYCOTT and DOWLING (1969) found no positive evidence of them in Golgi preparations of monkey retina.…”

Section: Efferent (Centrifugal) Fibersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…77 c) illustrated complete horizontal cells in chicken and chimpanzee, respectively, however. KOLMER (1936) noted that in flat preparations of horse retina stained intravitally with methylene blue he could follow some horizontal cell axons for many centimeters from the cell body without coming to a terminal arborization. Unfortunately this claim is not supported by any illustrations or confirmation.…”

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In mammals, KOLMER (1936) observed three types of amacrine cells: stratified (mainly unistratified), diffuse, and horizontal (stellate). In Golgi preparations of rabbit, RAVIOLA and RAVIOLA (1967) BOYCOTT and DOWLING (1969) (Fig.…”

Section: Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Morphological Organization of the Vertebrate Retina

Stell

1972

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

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Section: A Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Efferent (Centrifugal) Fibersmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Amacrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Morphological Organization of the Vertebrate Retina

Stell

1972

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

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“…The discussion will focus on the functional and comparative aspects of these structural observations. Historically, the flying fox (Megachiroptera) retina has been considered a pure rod retina [Kolmer, 1911[Kolmer, , 1936Rochon-Duvigneaud, 1943;Neuweiler, 1962;Bojarski and Bernard, 1988]. Only Pedler and Tilley [1969] claimed to have found clear evidence for two photoreceptor types in P. giganteus , one fitting the typical rod morphology, the other appearing cone-like.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cone Photoreceptor Diversity in the Retinas of Fruit Bats (Megachiroptera)

2005

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Older studies have claimed that bats including the Megachiroptera (fruit bats or flying foxes) have pure-rod retinas and possess no cone photoreceptors. We have determined the presence and the population densities of spectral cone types in six megachiropteran species belonging to four genera: Pteropus rufus, P. niger, P. rodricensis, Rousettus madagascariensis, Eidolon dupreanum, and Epomophorus gambianus. Spectral cone types and rods were assessed immunocytochemically with opsin-specific antibodies. All six species have rod-dominated retinas but possess significant cone populations. The high rod densities (range 350,000–800,000/mm², depending on species and retinal location) provide good scotopic sensitivity in these predominantly nocturnal animals. With the cones (density range 1,300–11,000/mm², corresponding to 0.25–0.6% of the photoreceptors, depending on species and retinal location) the retinas also possess the prerequisite for vision at photopic light levels. The three Pteropus species have two spectral cone types, a majority of middle-to-long-wave sensitive (L-) cones, and a minority of short-wave sensitive (S-) cones, indicating the potential for dichromatic color vision. This conforms to the pattern found in most mammals. In contrast, Rousettus, Eidolon and Epomophorus have L-cones but completely lack S-cones, indicating cone monochromacy and color blindness. The discussion relates these findings to the visual behavior of fruit bats.

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Determination and Significance of the Photopic Retinal Visibility Curve

Ludvigh¹

1940

Archives of Ophthalmology

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Die Netzhaut (Retina)

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

The Morphological Organization of the Vertebrate Retina

The Morphological Organization of the Vertebrate Retina

Cone Photoreceptor Diversity in the Retinas of Fruit Bats (Megachiroptera)

Determination and Significance of the Photopic Retinal Visibility Curve

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