Die Persönlichkeit Der Athletiker

Kretschmer,; Ernst, F.; Enke, Willi

doi:10.1097/00005053-193711000-00075

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Oseretzky's results (31,32) suggest that the thin asthenies have better fine motor coordination than individuals with other types of physique, and that they may also be more precise. Furthermore, the subjects with non-asthenie physiques are said to show crude movements, according to Gurevitch (12); a lack of motor relaxation is also attributed to them by Kretschmer and Enke (26). None of these conclusions was supported in this experiment.…”

Section: Personality Measuresmentioning

confidence: 54%

A study of relationships to somatotype.

Fiske¹

1944

Journal of Applied Psychology

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What relationships are there between physique and other aspects of the individual? This is an old and recurring question in human thought. Scientists from ancient to modern times have tried to relate physique with temperament, personality, and susceptibility to mental and physical disease without reaching any final conclusions. Probably one reason for the appeal of the theories about these relationships is that they would afford a pleasantly simple basis for the diagnosis and prediction of human behavior if they could be proved conclusively. Today, the question is not merely academic. With personnel workers constantly looking for convenient measures for predicting vocational adjustment, and with the armed services engaged in the largest selection and classification programs ever undertaken, every conceivable technique has been brought out for critical examination.Since the history of theories concerning psychological and physical types has been adequately presented by Cabot (4), Wertheimer and Hesketh (48), and Anastasi (1), it will not be discussed at length here. In addition to these histories, the experimental literature on this topic has been surveyed by Polen (35), Paterson (33), Wertham (47), Klineberg, Asch, and Block (23), Cabot (4), and Jones (18,19, 20). References will be made here only to studies which are directly relevant to problems under consideration.Kretschmer, both in his original statement of his thesis (25), and in his later summary of experimental work (with Enke (26)), claimed a high degree of association between his body types and schizophrenia vs. circular psychosis, but other research has cast doubt upon these findings. Wertheimer and Hesketh (48) and Garvey (9,10) have called attention to the effect of the age factor upon this apparent relationship. In studies of normal adults, we fail to find a clear-cut picture of relationship between physique and mental traits. For instance, after her survey of the litera-

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Section: Personality Measuresmentioning

confidence: 54%

A study of relationships to somatotype.

Fiske¹

1944

Journal of Applied Psychology

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“…The temperamental variables should be rather general classes of behaviour and relatively independent of the meaning or the interpersonal nature of the tasks. Traditionally, personal tempo was explained in dispositional terms (Enke, 1930;Kretschmer & Enke, 1936) and similar views have been emphasized more recently (Mishima, 1965). Typically, these studies have used simple tapping or listening tasks.…”

Section: Psychoi 16mentioning

confidence: 91%

Consistencies of psychomotor styles in interpersonal tasks

Takala

1975

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Interpersonal behaviour of individuals in five tasks (individual performance, two dyadic tasks, two small-group tasks) was videotaped and coded on 11 psychomotor categories concerning (a) movements regulating interaction, (b) indications of tension, and (c) temperamental acts. The individual consistencies were examined on the basis of correlational analyses and task similarities. The consistency of individual psychomotor behaviour across all the tasks was highest in the number of selfinitiated acts (psychomotor activeness). Consistency was also found in the total tension score and the utilization of largelnamow space, while the effect of the particular tasks was clearly demonstrated in the other categories of psychomotor style. Both communication and disposition interpretations of psychomotor styles were considered in the explanation of the results, and some methodological factors reflected in the interpretations were presented.

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“…Он также не исключает возможность существования и других конституциональных групп. Но через 15 лет исследований после первого издания «Строение тела и характер» E. Kretschmer и W. Enke [29] описали дополнительно только одну психическую конституцию, вычлененную из шизоидной группы и аффинную атлетическому телосложению.…”

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Mental constitution and mental disease: from Th. Tilings's to E. Kretschmer's concepts

Pyatnitskiy

2019

Z. nevrol. psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova

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Резюме В статье представлена динамика концепции континуального развития психической болезни из конституции, наиболее отчетливо сформулированной российским психиатром Th. Tiling в дискуссии с германским психиатром C. Neisser. Отмечается, что концепция Th. Thiling повлияла на подход к описанию E. Bleuler основных и добавочных симптомов шизофрении, а также на концепцию конституции и психической болезни E. Kretschmer. Проведен анализ основных характеристик циклоидных и шизоидных личностей в концепции E. Kretschmer, при этом отмечено очень широкое понимание E. Kretschmer «психэстетической пропорции», состоянием которой объясняются не только многообразие различных шизоидных типов, но и многие психотические психопатологические феномены. Также отмечено, что аутизм-второй основной симптом шизофрении, помимо измененной аффективности, на слабых проявлениях которых E. Kretschmer и строил свою систематику шизоидных типов, понимается им еще шире, чем у E. Bleuler, и является производным симптомом от особой шизоидной аффективности (психэстетической пропорции). Представлена и критика концепции E. Kretschmer, исходившая от некоторых современных ему немецких психиатров.

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Die Persönlichkeit Der Athletiker

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

A study of relationships to somatotype.

A study of relationships to somatotype.

Consistencies of psychomotor styles in interpersonal tasks

Mental constitution and mental disease: from Th. Tilings's to E. Kretschmer's concepts

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