Die physischen Gestalten in Ruhe und im stationären Zustand

Köhler, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-02204-6

Cited by 316 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…a good Gestalt. This idea has been called the law or principle of Prägnanz (G ) and the notion received substantial attention from Gestalt psychologists other than Wertheimer (Koffka, 1935;Köhler, 1920). For instance, the lines in Figure 15A could be perceived as edges 1 and 2 forming one object and lines 3 and 4 forming another object (as shown in Figure 15B).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Brooks

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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Perceptual grouping refers to the process of determining which regions and parts of the visual scene belong together as parts of higher order perceptual units such as objects or patterns. In the early 20 th century, Gestalt psychologists identified a set of classic grouping principles which specified how some image features lead to grouping between elements given that all other factors were held constant. Modern vision scientists have expanded this list to cover a wide range of image features but have also expanded the importance of learning and other non-image factors. Unlike early Gestalt accounts which were based largely on visual demonstrations, modern theories are often explicitly quantitative and involve detailed models of how various image features modulate grouping. Work has also been done to understand the rules by which different grouping principles integrate to form a final percept. This chapter gives an overview of the classic principles, modern developments in understanding them, and new principles and the evidence for them. There is also discussion of some of the larger theoretical issues about grouping such as at what stage of visual processing it occurs and what types of neural mechanisms may implement grouping principles.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Groupingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Brooks

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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“…Early Gestalt psychologists (Kohler 1920;Wertheimer 1923) had indicated that perception tends to result in interpretations characterised by phenomenal simplicity and regularity. The gestalt law of pragnanz (Koffka 1935) can be considered as the precursor of the global-minimum principle (Hochberg and McAlister 1953), which states that the simplest interpretation of a pattern will be preferred.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Global and Local Aspects of Visual Occlusion

1994

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The phenomenon of visual occlusion has frequently been studied by means of twodimensional line drawings. These drawings may elicit various interpretations. Sometimes a mosaic of shapes is seen, sometimes a shape that partly occludes another shape. In the latter case, observers often have a clear idea about the form of the partly occluded shape. Local and global pattern aspects both seem to be decisive with respect to the preferred interpretation. An attempt is made to integrate these aspects by applying the global-minimum principle to the perceptual complexity of three distinct components of those pattern interpretations: (i) The internal structure, dealing with each of the shapes separately, (ii) the external structure, dealing with the positional relation between these shapes, and (iii) the virtual structure, dealing with the occluded parts of the shapes. The perceptual complexity of each of these three components can be expressed in terms of structural information. The hypothesis that the perceptually preferred interpretation is the one for which the total information load is minimal is tested on many patterns stemming from different studies on pattern completion.

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“…To be sure, the technology that they employed literally forced them to engage in "turn-taking" exchanges; yet that does not mean that the communication between them during these tasks was limited to these exchanges. Rather, their use of the board was incorporated into their nonverbal "dances," and like the chimpanzees Sultan and Chica in Köhler's famous studies, they mastered the use of a tool to overcome obstacles and achieve their desired goals (Köhler 1925(Köhler /1951. Unlike Sultan and Chica, however, what Sherman and Austin mastered was a communication tool.…”

Section: Sherman and Austinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wolfgang Köhler, the author of the most extensive early studies of "the mentality of apes" (Köhler 1925(Köhler /1951, first formulated a dynamic systems approach to brain and cognition (Köhler 1920). A good deal of what S&K describe as "new" observations of coregulation, dyadic interactions, creativity and mutual adjustments, and of the social background of action and interaction, are modern replica of what Köhler described in his famous studies.…”

Section: Human Expression and Experience: What Does It Mean To Have Lmentioning

confidence: 99%