An employment dispute is a dispute between a single worker and the employer, or between a trade union and employer or association of employers. The division of employment disputes is important because it indicates the method of the settlement of labour disputes. According to Serbian legal system, employment disputes can be settled in court or using one of the alternative labour dispute resolution methods (arbitration, conciliation, mediation). Based on the Law on the Amicable Settlement of Employment Disputes, an institution for the peaceful settlement of labour disputes was established - State Agency for Amicable Settlement of Employment Disputes. Arbitration is always voluntary. The Agency is to be in charge only if both parties accept to solve the dispute using arbitration. An individual employment dispute can be solved using arbitration only if that is allowed by work contract or a general employer act. A collective dispute can also be solved using arbitration. If one of the parties does not want to use an alternative method for solving the problem, arbitration cannot be an option. In that case, the only way to protect its rights is in court. The process of settling a dispute in court before a judge is an extremely strict and formal procedure required by law. The court is obligated to determine relevant facts and make a decision based on them. The judgment is binding for the parties and can be forcedly executed. Protection of rights is accomplished when the judgment or arbitration decision is made and executed. The arbitration decision can be voluntarily executed, unlike the judgment that can be forcedly executed. The arbitration decision cannot be forcedly executed and that is the main disadvantage of the arbitration. The arbitration procedure needs to be improved in order to guarantee the protection of rights.